Glasses

This chapter has been conceived as a source of information for scientists, engineers, and technicians who need data and commercial-product information to solve their technical task by using glasses as engineering materials. It is not intended to replace t

  • PDF / 1,061,658 Bytes
  • 50 Pages / 547.146 x 686 pts Page_size
  • 112 Downloads / 252 Views

DOWNLOAD

REPORT


3.4.1 Properties of Glasses – General Comments ............................. 526 3.4.2 Composition and Properties of Glasses . 527 3.4.3 Flat Glass and Hollowware .................. 528 3.4.3.1 Flat Glass ............................... 528 3.4.3.2 Container Glass ....................... 529 3.4.4 Technical Specialty Glasses .................. 3.4.4.1 Chemical Stability of Glasses ..... 3.4.4.2 Mechanical and Thermal Properties............ 3.4.4.3 Electrical Properties ................. 3.4.4.4 Optical Properties ....................

530 530 533 537 539

3.4.5 Optical Glasses ................................... 3.4.5.1 Optical Properties .................... 3.4.5.2 Chemical Properties ................. 3.4.5.3 Mechanical Properties.............. 3.4.5.4 Thermal Properties ..................

543 543 549 550 556

3.4.6 Vitreous Silica..................................... 556 3.4.6.1 Properties of Synthetic Silica..... 556 3.4.6.2 Gas Solubility and Molecular Diffusion ........... 557 3.4.7 Glass-Ceramics ................................... 558 3.4.8 Glasses for Miscellaneous Applications . 3.4.8.1 Sealing Glasses ....................... 3.4.8.2 Solder and Passivation Glasses.. 3.4.8.3 Colored Glasses ....................... 3.4.8.4 Infrared-Transmitting Glasses...

559 559 562 565 568

References .................................................. 572

Glasses are very special materials that are formed only under suitable thermodynamic conditions; these conditions may be natural or man-made. Most glass products manufactured on a commercial scale are made by quenching a mixture of oxides from the melt (Fig. 3.4-1). For some particular applications, glasses are also made by other technologies, for example by chemical vapor deposition to achieve extreme purity, as required in optical fibers for communication, or by roller chilling in the case of amorphous metals, which need extremely high quenching rates. The term “amorphous” is a more

general, generic expression in comparison with the term “glass”. Many different technological routes are described in [4.1]. Glasses are also very universal engineering materials. Variation of the composition results in a huge variety of glass types, families, or groups, and a corresponding variety of properties. In large compositional areas, the properties depend continuously on composition, thus allowing one to design a set of properties to fit a specific application. In narrow ranges, the properties depend linearly on composition; in wide ranges, nonlinearity and step-function behavior have to be con-

Part 3 4

This chapter has been conceived as a source of information for scientists, engineers, and technicians who need data and commercialproduct information to solve their technical task by using glasses as engineering materials. It is not intended to replace the comprehensive scientific literature. The fundamentals are merely sketched, to provide a feeling for the unique behavior of this widely used class of materials. The properties of glasses are as versatile as their compositio

Data Loading...