Glioma Pericytes Promote Angiogenesis by Producing Periostin
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Glioma Pericytes Promote Angiogenesis by Producing Periostin Sara Santos Bernardes1 · Mauro Cunha Xavier Pinto2 · Jaime Henrique Amorim3 · Vasco Ariston de Carvalho Azevedo4 · Rodrigo Ribeiro Resende5 · Akiva Mintz6 · Alexander Birbrair1,6 Received: 29 July 2020 / Accepted: 27 September 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Glioma is the prevalent aggressive primary brain tumor, with a very poor prognosis. The absence of advanced understanding of the roles played by the cells within the glioma microenvironment limits the development of effective drugs. A recent study indicates that periostin expressed by pericytes is crucial for glioma angiogenesis. Here, we describe succinctly the results and implications of this discovery in what we know about pericytes within the glioma microenvironment. The emerging knowledge from this work will benefit the development of therapies for gliomas. Keywords Pericytes · Glioma · Tumor microenvironment · Periostin
Introduction In the past few decades, oncology research groups have focused their concentration mostly on malignant cells (Manini et al. 2018). Nevertheless, emerging evidence demonstrates that the surroundings where these malignant cells are located play key roles in tumor development (Vannucci 2015). These surroundings are defined as tumor microenvironment, which contains signaling molecules, growth factors, extracellular matrix, and non-malignant cells, such as immune cells, mesenchymal stem cells, endothelial cells, neurons, fibroblasts, adipocytes, pericytes, and others (Picoli * Alexander Birbrair [email protected] 1
Tissue Microenvironment Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
2
Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Neurochemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
3
Center of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of West Bahia, Barreiras, BA, Brazil
4
Cellular and Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
5
Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
6
Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
et al. 2020; De Vleeschouwer and Bergers 2017; Prazeres et al. 2020; Azevedo et al. 2017, 2018a; Paiva et al. 2017, 2018; Lousado et al. 2017; de Alvarenga et al. 2018). The constituents of the tumor microenvironment by communicating with cancer cells, as well as between themselves, influence tumor initiation, progress, invasion, and metastasis (Quail and Joyce 2013). Gliomas are the most common presentations of primary brain tumors. Their classification is based on histopathological and clinical characteristics established by the World Health Organization (WHO), and are typified by high mortality due to their aggressiveness (Ostrom et al. 2014). Although meaning
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