Pericytes in Vascular Development
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PERICYTES (A BIRBRAIR, SECTION EDITOR)
Pericytes in Vascular Development Laura Beth Payne 1 & Maruf Hoque 1,2 & Clifton Houk 3 & Jordan Darden 1,2 & John C. Chappell 1,3,4
# Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Purpose of Review Pericytes are essential components of capillaries in many tissues and organs, contributing to vessel stability and integrity, with additional contributions to microvascular function still being discovered. We review current and foundational studies identifying pericyte differentiation mechanics and their roles in the earliest stages of vessel formation. Recent Findings Recent advances in pericyte-focused tools and models have illuminated critical aspects of pericyte biology including their roles in vascular development. Pericytes likely collaborate with endothelial cells undergoing vasculogenesis, initiating direct interactions during sprouting and intussusceptive angiogenesis. Pericytes also provide important regulation of vascular growth including mechanisms underlying vessel pruning, rarefaction, and subsequent regrowth. Summary A phenotypic transition likely occurs as pericytes shift from roles in vascular development to supporting vessel maturation, homeostasis, and physiology. We provide a forward-looking perspective on pericyte-focused studies of vascular development and applications aimed at basic and clinically relevant insights into pericyte biology. Keywords Pericyte . Endothelial cell . Vascular development . Angiogenesis . Vasculogenesis . Mural cell differentiation
Introduction Vascular pericytes have recently attracted significant attention as therapeutic targets in a wide range of pathologies including Alzheimer’s disease, cancer, and tissue fibrosis [1]. Our understanding of their roles in these clinically relevant scenarios will be strengthened by a deeper knowledge of their embryonic origins and their fundamental contributions to vascular development processes under normal, physiological conditions [2]. For instance, treatment for diseases that arise from compromised vascular barrier function will likely benefit from uncovering the roles of pericytes in maintaining vessel wall This article is part of the Topical Collection on Pericytes * John C. Chappell [email protected] 1
Center for Heart and Reparative Medicine Research, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech-Carilion, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
2
Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine and Health, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
3
Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
4
Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
integrity during angiogenic remodeling and in quiescence [3]. Moreover, clinical management of vascular occlusive diseases such as coronary and peripheral vascular diseases will move forward with increased insight into the transcriptional programming of pericytes and how they might be induced to contribute to vascular smooth muscle cell (vSMC) expansion during arteriogenesis and
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