Global and Local Mechanical Properties of Autogenously Laser Welded Ti-6Al-4V
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NIUM alloys have been widely used in the aerospace industry due to their high specific strength and excellent corrosion resistance.[1] As the workhorse grade of XINJIN CAO, Senior Research Officer, is with the Structures, Materials and Manufacturing Laboratory, National Research Council Canada - Aerospace, 5145 Decelles Avenue, Montreal, QC H3T 2B2, Canada, and also Adjunct Professor, with the Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Concordia University, 1455 De Maisonneuve Blvd. West, Montreal, QC H3G 1M8, Canada. Contact e-mail: [email protected] ABU SYED H. KABIR, formerly Master Graduate Student, with the Structures, Materials and Manufacturing Laboratory, National Research Council Canada Aerospace, also with the Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Concordia University, is now Ph.D. Candidate with the McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C5, Canada. PRITI WANJARA, Team Leader, and JAVAD GHOLIPOUR, Senior Research Officer, are with the Structures, Materials and Manufacturing Laboratory, National Research Council Canada - Aerospace. ANAND BIRUR and JONATHAN CUDDY, Senior Engineers, are with the StandardAero Limited, 33 Allen Dyne Road, Winnipeg, MB R3H 1A1, Canada. MAMOUN MEDRAJ, Professor, is with the Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Concordia University. The following statement pertains only to authors X. Cao, A.S.H. Kabir, and P. Wanjara: Published with permission of the Crown in Right of Canada, i.e., the Government of Canada. Manuscript submitted June 13, 2013. Article published online November 9, 2013 1258—VOLUME 45A, MARCH 2014
the titanium industry, Ti-6Al-4V is an alpha–beta alloy that is heat treatable and has a maximum service temperature of 673 K (400 C).[2] However, Ti-6Al-4V is difficult to weld due to the inherent high reactivity of titanium with atmospheric gases at elevated temperatures, especially in the liquid state.[3] Hence, expanding the application of Ti-6Al4V requires an effective and cost-efficient joining technology. Ti-6Al-4V has been fusion welded using conventional arc and electron beam welding technologies, and more recently with laser welding, of which the latter offers considerable promise due to an interesting combination of some characteristics, including manufacturing flexibility (e.g. non-vacuum, local shielding gas protection), high energy density, low heat input, high welding speed, narrow size of the fusion and heat affected zones (HAZ), and low weld distortion.[4] Similar to the electron beam, the laser beam is a line-shaped heating source through the joint thickness, as compared to a point heating source for conventional arc welding,[5] but without the disadvantage of a confined environment for vacuum protection. Laser welding also produces a fusion zone (FZ) microstructure that comprises of small prior-b grains (due to the rapid solidification at low heat input) that are similar in size to that observed in electron beam weldments, but considerably finer than those in conventional arc welds.[6] In addition, laser welding has the fle
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