Global biodiversity research tied up by juridical interpretations of access and benefit sharing
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FORUM PAPER
Global biodiversity research tied up by juridical interpretations of access and benefit sharing D. Neumann 1 & A. V. Borisenko 2 & J. A. Coddington 3,4 & C. L. Häuser 5 & C. R. Butler 4 & A. Casino 6 & J. C. Vogel 5 & G. Haszprunar 1 & P. Giere 5
Received: 6 July 2017 / Accepted: 26 October 2017 # This is a U.S. government work and its text is not subject to copyright protection in the United States; however, its text may be subject to foreign copyright protection 2017
Abstract The toolbox of instruments regulating access, transfer and use of biological material is currently reequipped: the Nagoya Protocol was initiated to provide a legal framework to the third objective of the Convention on Biological Diversity – the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from the utilisation of genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge (an aspect not discussed here). In the ongoing implementation of the protocol, potentially harmful and far-reaching effects on biological research become evident. Here, we illustrate how vague definitions, lack of legal clarity and coordination, and often restrictive and complex regulations affect the transfer of biological material and associated data. Instead of promoting basic research in conservation and biodiversity, the current situation potentially jeopardises international collaboration, biodiversity research and its * D. Neumann [email protected]
1
Staatliche Naturwissenschaftliche Sammlungen Bayerns, Zoologische Staatssammlung, Münchhausenstr. 21, 81247 Munich, Germany
2
Canadian Centre for DNA Barcoding, Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
3
Global Genome Initiative, National Museum of Natural History, 10th & Constitution NW, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560-0105, USA
4
Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, 10th & Constitution NW, Washington, DC 20560-0106, USA
5
Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Invalidenstr. 43, 10115 Berlin, Germany
6
Consortium of European Taxonomic Facilities c/o Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, rue Vautier 29, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
applications in monitoring, biocontrol and food safety. We address these challenges and discuss possible options for its practical implementation in the future. Keywords Nagoya Protocol . Access . Benefit sharing . Ex-situ collections . Information networks . Code of conduct
Introduction The justified original goals of the Convention of Biological Diversity (CBD) and the Nagoya Protocol (NP) are to conserve the biological diversity on Earth, to lay down conditions that allow a sustainable use of these biological resources under fair and equitable conditions and to address access to these genetic resources (GR). One of the original ideas of the CBD was to counteract one-sided exploitation or downright biopiracy for the benefit of few. The CBD (CBD 1992) determines three main objectives: biodiversity conservation, the sustainable use of b
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