Glomerulus and Disorders
The glomeruli of kidney are selective filtering corpuscles composed of a capillary network, podocytes, and mesangial cells (panel a). The glomerular basement membrane (GBM) is situated between capillary endothelia and podocytes (cf. Fig. 107 ). All three
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mass and configuration occurs in the GBM and at the level of the slit diaphragms. Through their endocytotic activities, podocytes and mesangial cells contribute to the functional maintenance of the glomerular filter by removing escaped proteins from the slit diaphragms and from the subendothelial space. RBC: red blood cells.
References Jones N et al (2006) Nck adaptor proteins link nephrin to the actin cytoskeleton of kidney podocytes. Nature 440:818 Kerjaschki D, Sharky DJ, Farquhar MG (1984) Identification and characterization of podocalyxin – the major sialoprotein of the renal glomerular epithelial cell. J Cell Biol 98:1591 Kriz A, Kaissling B (2000) Structural organization of the mammalian kidney. In: Seldin D, Giebisch G (eds) The kidney: physiology and pathophysiology. Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins, New York, p 587 Matsui K, Breitender-Geleff S, Soleiman A, Kowalski H, Kerjaschki D (1999) Podoplanin, a novel 43-kDa membrane protein, controls the shape of podocytes. Nephrol Dial Transplant 14(Suppl 1):9 Mundel P, Shankland SJ (2002) Podocyte biology and response to injury. J Am Soc Nephrol 13:3005 Orlando RA, Takeda T, Zak B, Schmieder S, Benoit VM, McQuistan T, Furthmayr H, Farquhar MG (2001) The glomerular epithelial cell antiadhesin podocalyxin associates with the actin cytoskeleton through interactions with ezrin. J Amer Soc Nephrol 12:1589 Pavenstädt H, Kriz W, Kretzler M (2003) Cell biology of the glomerular podocyte. Physiol Rev 83:253 Ruotsalainen V, Ljungberg P, Wartiovaara J, Lenkkeri U, Kestila M, Jalanko H, Holmberg C, Tryggvason K (1999) Nephrin is specifically located at the slit diaphragm of glomerular podocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96:7962 Takeda T, Go WY, Orlando RA, Farquhar MG (2000) Expression of podocalyxin inhibits cell-cell adhesion and modifies junctional properties in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. Mol Biol Cell 11:3219 Tian X et al (2014) Podocyte-associated talin1 is critical for glomerular filtration barrier maintenance. J Clin Invest 124:1098 Tossidou I, Teng B, Drobot L, Meyer-Schwesinger C, Worthmann K, Haller H, Schiffer M (2010) CIN85/RukL is a novel binding partner of mephrin and podocin and mediates slit diaphragm turnover in podocytes. J Biol Chem 285:25285 Tryggvason K (1999) Unraveling the mechanisms of glomerular ultrafiltration: nephrin, a key component of the slit diaphragm. J Am Soc Nephrol 10:2440. Verma R, Kovari I, Soofi A, Nihalani D, Patrie K, Holzman LB (2006) Nephrin ectodomain engagement results in Src kinase activation, nephrin phosphorylation, Nck recruitment, and actin polymerization. J Clin Invest 116:1346
Magnification: ×7,000 (A); ×45,000 (B); ×15,000 (C) M. Pavelka, J. Roth, Functional Ultrastructure: Atlas of Tissue Biology and Pathology, Third Edition, DOI 10.1007/978-3-7091-1830-6_21, © Springer-Verlag Vienna 2015
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Glomerulus and Disorders
PATHOLOGY OF THE GLOMERULAR FILTER: MINIMAL CHANGE GLOMERULOPATHY AND CONGENITAL NEPHROTIC SYNDROMES The impairment of the glomerular filter occurring in various acquired and i
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