Glucose transporters in pancreatic islets
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INVITED REVIEW
Glucose transporters in pancreatic islets Constantin Berger 1 & Daniela Zdzieblo 1,2 Received: 5 February 2020 / Revised: 20 April 2020 / Accepted: 22 April 2020 # The Author(s) 2020
Abstract The fine-tuning of glucose uptake mechanisms is rendered by various glucose transporters with distinct transport characteristics. In the pancreatic islet, facilitative diffusion glucose transporters (GLUTs), and sodium-glucose cotransporters (SGLTs) contribute to glucose uptake and represent important components in the glucose-stimulated hormone release from endocrine cells, therefore playing a crucial role in blood glucose homeostasis. This review summarizes the current knowledge about cell type-specific expression profiles as well as proven and putative functions of distinct GLUT and SGLT family members in the human and rodent pancreatic islet and further discusses their possible involvement in onset and progression of diabetes mellitus. In context of GLUTs, we focus on GLUT2, characterizing the main glucose transporter in insulin-secreting β-cells in rodents. In addition, we discuss recent data proposing that other GLUT family members, namely GLUT1 and GLUT3, render this task in humans. Finally, we summarize latest information about SGLT1 and SGLT2 as representatives of the SGLT family that have been reported to be expressed predominantly in the α-cell population with a suggested functional role in the regulation of glucagon release. Keywords Glucose transport . Pancreatic islet . β-Cell . α-Cell . GLUTs . SGLTs
Introduction Glucose is a main energy source for many organisms and covers a central role in cell metabolism. However, the way in which glucose is transported across the cell membrane is not a uniform process. Various mechanisms of glucose uptake are found in different tissues, thereby meeting the energetic and functional requirements of different cell types. The regulation of glucose uptake is rendered by the cell type-specific expression of distinct glucose transporters with individual transport characteristics. Understanding the expression, regulation and function of different glucose transporters as well as their possible crosstalk is key for unraveling biological and pathological glucose-dependent processes. This article is part of the special issue on Glucose Transporters in Health and Disease in Pflügers Archiv—European Journal of Physiology * Daniela Zdzieblo [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
2
Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research (ISC), Translational Center Regenerative Therapies, Neunerplatz 2, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
Controlled glucose uptake and metabolism is of outmost importance for the sustained function of the endocrine pancreas, which is composed of five different cell types forming the islets of Langerhans. By secretion of hormones that mediate changes in the glucose metabolism of peripheral cells, the endocrine pancreas i
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