Glyphosate commercial formulation negatively affects the reproductive success of solitary wild bees in a Pampean agroeco
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Original article
Glyphosate commercial formulation negatively affects the reproductive success of solitary wild bees in a Pampean agroecosystem Sofia GRAFFIGNA1,2,3 , Hugo J. MARRERO2,3 , Juan P. TORRETTA4,5 1
Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur, San Juan 670, 8000, Bahía Blanca, Argentina 2 Laboratorio de Interacciones Bióticas en Agroecosistemas, (LIBA), Bahía Blanca, Argentina 3 Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de las Zonas Semiáridas, CONICET,, Camino de la Carrindanga Km. 7, 8000, Bahía Blanca, Argentina 4 Facultad de Agronomía, Cátedra de Botánica General, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE, Buenos Aires, Argentina 5 Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina Received 1 April 2020 – Revised 27 August 2020 – Accepted 29 September 2020
Abstract – Glyphosate is the most widely used herbicide worldwide and it could have negative effects on wild bees. We study the effect of glyphosate commercial formulation on the nesting behavior of wild solitary bees (Megachile spp.) and the survival of immature stages in a Pampean agroecosystem. In four plots without agricultural management located in an agricultural field, we placed 480 wooden trap-nests. The traps were sprayed with two different concentrations of glyphosate commercial formulation and only with water. The number of cells per nest was significantly lower in glyphosate treated traps compared with the water treatment. The probability of finding breeding cells was two times higher in nests without glyphosate commercial formulation compared with treated nests. Larvae completed their development and emerged as adults approximately four times more in nests without glyphosate commercial formulation, relative to those with glyphosate. Our results indicate that glyphosate commercial formulation could be conditioning the behavior of the nesting females and it is affecting their reproduction. Agrochemical effects / Megachile / Bee survival / Trap nests / Agricultural management
1. INTRODUCTION The use of land for agricultural purposes transformed nearly 50% of land surface in only 300 years (Ellis et al. 2010). This transformation, product of deterministic factors (such as
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s13592-020-00816-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Corresponding author: S. Graffigna, [email protected] Manuscript Editor: Monique Gauthier
agricultural expansion and agrochemicals) and stochastic factors (such as natural habitats loss and fragmentation), is the main cause of biodiversity change and loss worldwide (Sala et al. 2000; Tscharntke et al. 2005). Pollination, an important ecosystem service, is affected by these changes (Tscharntke et al. 2005; Potts et al. 2010) and some strategies are used to counteract these effects. For example, the management of crop edges was proposed to increase abundance and diversity of pollinators and thus i
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