GO/TiO 2 composites as a highly active photocatalyst for the degradation of methyl orange
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GO/TiO2 composites as a highly active photocatalyst for the degradation of methyl orange Chunling Lin1,a), Yifeng Gao2, Jiaoxia Zhang2,b) , Dan Xue1, Hua Fang1, Jiayong Tian1, Chunli Zhou1, Chanjuan Zhang1, Yuqing Li3,c), Honggang Li4 1
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi’an Shi’you University, Xi’an 710065, China School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, China 3 Testing Center, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China 4 China Railway Design Corporation, Tianjin 300251, China a) Address all correspondence to these authors. e-mail: [email protected] b) e-mail: [email protected] c) e-mail: [email protected] 2
Received: 29 January 2020; accepted: 31 January 2020
Reduced graphene oxide supported titanium dioxide (GO/TiO2) heterojunction composites as highly active photocatalysts were synthesized via simple ultrasonic mixing and hydrothermal reaction using TiCl3 and GO as precursors. Their structure and morphology were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectra, UV-vis spectroscopy, and thermogravimetic analysis. The GO/TiO2 heterojunction composites were used to degrade methyl orange (MO). The adsorption and photocatalytic degradation rate of the prepared GO/TiO2 composites increased by nearly three times compared with that of pristine TiO2 or GO, which reached up 90%, to degrade MO after 4 h, which provides a simple method to obtain photocatalytic materials.
Introduction Photocatalytic technology is one of the most effective methods for wastewater treatment because of its low investment cost, mild reaction conditions, and negligible secondary pollution to the environment [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]. Preparation of photocatalysts with high photocatalytic activity and photochemical stability is the key factor to boost practical applications of semiconductor photocatalysts [7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12]. Among well-known photocatalysts, titanium dioxide (TiO2) exhibits excellent photocatalytic properties, long-term stability, nontoxicity, chemical inertness, and low cost [13]. Therefore, TiO2 has been widely used in photocatalytic studies [14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20]. However, some serious shortcomings still need to be overcome. For example, TiO2 has a large band gap (the rutile and anatase phases are 3.03 and 3.20 eV, respectively), which can absorb only ultraviolet light (approximately 5% of solar light) [21]. Meanwhile, its photogenerated electron–hole pairs are easy to recombine. Many researchers have focused on the modification of TiO2 to obtain new types of highly active photocatalysts that can work under visible light [22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27]. Many attempts have been
ª Materials Research Society 2020
performed to enhance the visible light photocatalytic efficiency of TiO2, including metal or nonmetal doping [28, 29, 30, 31], dye sensitization [32], surface modification [33, 34], and coupling with other semiconductor materials [35, 36, 37]. Among these methods, the coupling of TiO2 with gues
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