MnFe 2 O 4 /coal fly ash nanocomposite: a novel sunlight-active magnetic photocatalyst for dye degradation
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ORIGINAL PAPER
MnFe2O4/coal fly ash nanocomposite: a novel sunlight‑active magnetic photocatalyst for dye degradation F. Mushtaq1 · M. Zahid1 · A. Mansha2 · I. A. Bhatti1 · G. Mustafa3,4 · S. Nasir5 · M. Yaseen6 Received: 15 October 2019 / Revised: 11 March 2020 / Accepted: 17 May 2020 © Islamic Azad University (IAU) 2020
Abstract The present study focuses on the use of waste coal fly ash (CFA) for preparing magnetic photocatalyst ( MnFe2O4/CFA) and its application of dye degradation from water. The MnFe2O4/CFA photocatalyst was synthesized through a facile hydrothermal method and characterized by various techniques for its structural, morphological, and photocatalytic properties. The MnFe2O4/CFA nanocomposite was used for photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) under sunlight. Detailed studies for various parameters such as pH, catalyst dose, initial dye concentration, oxidant concentration, and time on photocatalytic degradation were analyzed. The degradation efficiency reached ~ 100% under sunlight within 30 min by the MnFe2O4/CFA nanocomposite. The degradation/removal efficiency of MB was found in the order MnFe2O4/CFA (99.9%) > CFA (61%) > MnFe2O4 (56%) under optimum conditions for composite at pH = 3, composite dose 60 mg/L, and oxidant dose 0.8 mM. The MnFe2O4/CFA is a promising visible-light-active photocatalyst and can be reused several times without significant loss in photocatalytic degradation efficiency.
Editorial responsibility: M. Abbaspour. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-020-02777-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * M. Zahid [email protected] 1
Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
2
Department of Chemistry, Govt. College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
3
Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
4
Department of Chemistry, University of Okara, Okara, Pakistan
5
Pakistan Science Foundation, 1‑Constitution Avenue G‑5/2, Islamabad, Pakistan
6
Department of Physics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
13
Vol.:(0123456789)
International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology
Graphic abstract
Keywords Coal fly ash · Manganese ferrite · Methylene blue · Photo-Fenton · Visible-light photocatalyst · Waste management
Introduction Water pollution and waste management are the consequences of rapid industrial growth. Organic dyes in large volumes are used by many industries like textile (60%), plastic (10%), and paper (10%) industries (Hassaan et al. 2017). Methylene blue is extensively used disinfector and coloring agent adequately resistant to oxidation by conventional methods because of its aromatic structure (Türkeş and Açıkel 2019). Excessive exposure to MB is said to cause shock, cyanosis, quadriplegia, tissue necrosis, and high pulse rate in humans (Banerje
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