Graphene-DNAzyme-based fluorescent biosensor for Escherichia coli detection
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2D Nanomaterials for Healthcare and Lab-on-a-Chip Devices Research Letter
Graphene-DNAzyme-based fluorescent biosensor for Escherichia coli detection Meng Liu, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada; Biointerfaces Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4O3, Canada; School of Environmental Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024 China Qiang Zhang, Biointerfaces Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4O3, Canada; School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024 China John D. Brennan, and Yingfu Li, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada; Biointerfaces Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4O3, Canada Address all correspondence to John D. Brennan and Yingfu Li at [email protected]; [email protected] (Received 20 February 2018; accepted 4 May 2018)
Abstract Herein we describe the use of a new DNAzyme/graphene hybrid material as a biointerfaced sensing platform for optical detection of pathogenic bacteria. The hybrid consists of a colloidal graphene nanomaterial and an Escherichia coli-activated RNA-cleaving DNAzyme and is prepared via non-covalent self-assembly of the DNAzyme onto the graphene surface. Exposure of the hybrid material to E. coli-containing samples results in the release of the DNAzyme, followed by the cleavage-mediated production of a fluorescent signal. Given that specific RNA-cleaving DNAzymes can be created for diverse bacterial pathogens, direct interfacing of graphene materials with such DNAzymes represents a general and attractive approach for real-time, sensitive, and highly selective detection of pathogenic bacteria.
Introduction Outbreaks of food- and water-borne bacterial pathogens pose a serious threat to human health. A recent report from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that 48 million illnesses, 128,000 hospitalizations, and 3000 deaths are caused by food-borne pathogens (such as Salmonella, Campylobacter spp., and Escherichia coli) each year in the USA.[1] In fact, bacteria-related infectious diseases are responsible for one-third of global mortality every year. In particular, E. coli, a large and common group of gram-negative bacteria, are a major cause for infectious disease outbreaks due to their ability to produce Shiga-like toxins or verotoxins, which can result in serious symptoms including haemorrhagic colitis, peritonitis, bloody diarrhoea and haemolytic-uremic syndrome.[2] In view of the low infection dose (10–100 cells), the US EPA regulation requires that no pathogens are allowed in drinking water. In this regard, developing facile, rapid, accurate, sensitive, and real-time methods for detection of pathogenic bacteria remains a challenging and important i
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