Graphene-family materials in electrochemical aptasensors
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REVIEW
Graphene-family materials in electrochemical aptasensors Mandana Amiri 1 & Khadijeh Nekoueian 1 & Reyhaneh Sadat Saberi 2 Received: 27 June 2020 / Revised: 2 August 2020 / Accepted: 25 August 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The study of graphene-based carbon nanocomposites has remarkably increased in recent years. Functionalized graphene-based nanostructures, including graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide, have great potential as new innovative electrode materials in the fabrication of novel electrochemical sensors. Electrochemical sensors based on aptamers attracted great attention because of their high sensitivity and selectivity, and simple instrumentation, as well as low production cost. Aptamers as a potent alternative to antibodies are functional nucleic acids with a high tendency to specific analytes. Electrochemical aptasensors show specific recognition ability for a wide range of analytes. Although aptamers are selected in vitro in contrast to antibodies, they are interesting due to advantages like high stability, easy chemical modifications, and the potential to be employed in nanostructured device fabrication or electrochemical sensing devices. Recently, new nanomaterials have shown a significant impact on the production of electrochemical sensors with high efficiency and performance. This review aims to give an outline of electrochemical aptasensors based on the graphene family materials and discuss the detection mechanism in this type of aptasensors. The present review summarizes some of the recent achievements in graphene-based aptasensors and includes their recent electroanalytical applications. Keywords Graphene . Graphene oxide . Reduced graphene oxide . Aptamer . Electrochemical sensor
Introduction The design of an efficient analytical method to monitor trace values of target analytes, especially biological and pharmaceutical substances, and environmental pollutants [1–3], has been an important issue of the medicinal applications, environmental monitoring, and industrial quality control fields [4]. In this regard, electrochemical techniques are considered as reliable methods compared to other analytical methods. Excellent sensitivity, selectivity, simplicity, inexpensive instrumentation, fast response, environmental friendliness, and portability are the main advantages of the electrochemical
Published in the topical collection 2D Nanomaterials for Electroanalysis with guest editor Sabine Szunerits. * Mandana Amiri [email protected] 1
Department of Chemistry, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Daneshgah Street, Ardabil 56199-11367, Iran
2
East Sage Investigative Corporation, Isfahan Science and Technology Town, Isfahan 8415683111, Iran
techniques [5]. In addition, the performance of the electrochemical techniques can be amplified by working electrode modification. The choice of working electrode material depends on the target analyte redox potential, which has defined the competition on the fabrication of the enhanced sensors and bi
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