Graphene Hybrid Surface Plasmon Waveguide with Low Loss Transmission
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Graphene Hybrid Surface Plasmon Waveguide with Low Loss Transmission Jiawei Wu 1 & Shiliang Guo 2
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Zhiquan Li 1 & Xin Li 2 & Han Xue 1 & Zhiwei Wang 1
Received: 4 January 2020 / Accepted: 4 May 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In this paper, a novel graphene hybrid surface plasmon waveguide structure is designed. Based on the finite element method, the mode characteristics, the quality factor, and the gain threshold of the waveguide structure are analyzed. The results show that the optical field constraint of the designed waveguide can reach a better level of deep sub-wavelength under the optimal parameters of 1550-nm working wavelength. The structure is applied to a laser, and the high quality factor, the low energy loss, the low threshold limit, and the ultra-small effective mode field area are obtained by adjusting waveguide design parameters. Compared with the common waveguide structure, this structure has stronger optical field limiting ability and microcavity binding ability. It provides theoretical and technical support for the development of new high-efficiency nano-laser devices and is expected to be applied to fields such as on-chip interconnects, photonic integrated circuits, optical storage, and optical signal processing. Keywords Graphene . Hybrid surface plasmon waveguide . Finite element method . Quality factor . Gain threshold
Introduction Surface plasmon technology is a very important research direction in nanophotonics [1]. In recent years, the waveguide based on the surface plasma polariton (SPP) [2] has a good optical conductivity in the sub-wavelength size, which has become a research hotspot at home and abroad. SPP is considered as a surface science between dielectric and metal interface. It is in essence light wave trapped on the interface between dielectric and metal as a result of the interaction between the light wave and free electrons of the metal. Inresonance surface collective oscillations of free electrons are excited by the electromagnetic fields of light wave. The resonant interaction between light wave and surface charge oscillations forms SPP [3]. The electric field component of the SPP is perpendicular to the surface, reaches a peak at the interface, then decays exponentially and gradually enters the dielectric and metal. The electric field in the vertical direction is * Shiliang Guo [email protected] 1
Institute of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
2
School of Mathematics and Science and Technology Information, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
evanescent which prevents the loss of electric field energy from the surface. So surface plasmon photonic devices can break through the limitation of diffraction limit in traditional photonic devices, making it possible to further combine and integrate the advantages of photons and electrons on the chip [4]. With the rapid development of nanophotonics, more and more two-dimensional materials are combine
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