Synthesis of polyurethane-imids and application in surface plasmon polaritons waveguide
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Synthesis of polyurethane‑imids and application in surface plasmon polaritons waveguide Long‑De Wang1,2 · Ling Tong1 · Jian‑Wei Wu1 · Qian‑Ru Zhang1 · Tong Zhang3 Received: 13 April 2019 / Accepted: 12 June 2019 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The crosslinkable electro-optic (EO) polymers polyurethane-imides (PUI) were designed and synthesized with monomers azo chromophore, phenyl diisocyanate and aromatic dianhydrides. Molecular structure characteristics for the polymers were evidenced by nuclear magnetic resonance (1HNMR) and fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. PUI as cladding, the strip long-range surface plasmon polaritons (LRSPPs) waveguides were designed and fabricated. The LRSPPs waveguiding along 18-nm-thin and 8-µm-wide gold stripes buried in EO PUI polymers were characterized at the light wavelength of 1310 nm and 1550 nm. The results indicated that the PUI can be used as preparation surface plasmon polaritons EO polymer optical waveguide materials, due to the merits of crosslinkable property, thermal stability, good film-forming ability, high processability and low optical waveguide propagation loss in near-infrared wave band. Keywords Polyurethane-imide · Electro-optic polymer · Long-range surface plasmon polaritons waveguide
1 Introduction Second-order nonlinear optical (NLO) polymer optical waveguide materials have been investigated extensively because of their great potential application in electro-optic devices such as EO polymer waveguide modulators, polymer EO switches and EO polymer surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) waveguide devices [1–8]. Polymer EO waveguide modulators (including SPPs waveguide EO modulators) and switches play a key role in optical signal processing. Surface plasmon polaritons are light waves that are coupled to collective oscillations of free electrons in a metal which has a negative dielectric constant, and propagating along the metal–dielectric interface [9–11]. SPPs have extremely short wavelengths, high optical field enhancement at the metal-polymer interface, and strong optical confinement * Long‑De Wang [email protected] 1
School of Chemistry and Material Engineering, Huainan Normal University, Huainan 232038, China
2
Huainan Engineering Research Center for Fuel Cells and Anhui Key Laboratory of Low Temperature Co-Fired Materials, Huainan 232038, China
3
School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
down to deep sub wavelength dimensions which can break the diffraction limit [5]. Therefore, SPPs waveguide have been employed as one of the routes to implement various integrated plasmonic optical devices due to breaking the diffraction limit to improve the integration density of plasmonic polymer optical devices [5, 12]. The fundamental building block of the propagating surface plasmon is the single-interface SPPs, a hybrid mode propagating at the interface between a metal plasmonic material and an overlying dielectric. Propagating plasmonic modes, however, can
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