Graphene sheet-encased silica/sulfur composite cathode for improved cyclability of lithium-sulfur batteries
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Graphene sheet-encased silica/sulfur composite cathode for improved cyclability of lithium-sulfur batteries P. Rajkumar 1 & K. Diwakar 1 & R. Subadevi 1 & R. M. Gnanamuthu 2 & Fu-Ming Wang 3 & Wei-Ren Liu 4 & M. Sivakumar 1 Received: 30 March 2020 / Revised: 5 June 2020 / Accepted: 29 June 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The “shuttle effect” of polysulfides is a serious issue, resulting in a decrease in the life-cycle of lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries. To inhibit the shuttle effect, a combination of graphene oxide and silica has been adopted in this work. Here, two different ratios of sulfur/silicon dioxide/partially reduced graphene oxide (S/SiO2/prGO - 70:20:10 and 70:10:20) composite materials were prepared via a melt diffusion method and were used as a cathode for a Li-S battery. The wrinkled sheets of partially reduced graphene oxide not only provide a conductive network for electron transport, but also ease the volume changes of active material during cycling. The 20 wt% of prGO present in the S/SiO2/prGO cathode delivers initial discharge capacity of 783 mAh g−1 at 0.2 C and remains at 491 mAh g−1 over 300 cycles, with low capacity decay rate of 0.12% per cycle. The better electrochemical performance indicates that the electrode containing 20 wt% of prGO with silica effectively suppresses the “shuttle effect” of polysulfide dissolution. Keywords Lithium-sulfur battery . Composite material . Cathode . Shuttle effect . Graphene oxide
Introduction The development of cost-effective and energy-efficient rechargeable batteries is an area of intense research focus in efforts to meet the need for large-scale application.
The surge in demand for energy storage devices in electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, electronic devices and renewable energy harvesting also calls for advances in the field of energy storage devices [1, 2]. Lithiumsulfur (Li-S) batteries are one of the most inspiring
Highlights 1. Graphene sheets wrapped sulfur/SiO2 composite were prepared in two different ratios by melt diffusion. 2. The combined effect of prGO and SiO2 is able to suppress shuttling using physical and chemical adsorption. 3. A small amount of polysulfide was retained through the oxygen functional group of prGO sheets. 4. The 20wt% prGO-based sulfur/SiO2 composite exhibits 783 and 491 mAh g−1at the initial and 300th cycle, respectively. * R. Subadevi [email protected]
2
Department of Chemistry & Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamilnadu 603203, India
* M. Sivakumar [email protected]
3
Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan, Republic of China
1
4
Department of Chemical Engineering, R&D Center for Membrane Technology, Research Center for Circular Economy, Chung-Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 32023, Taiwan
#120, Energy Materials Lab, Department of Physics, Science Block, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu
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