Gravitational production of scalar dark matter
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Springer
Received: November 7, Revised: May 21, Accepted: May 22, Published: June 12,
2019 2020 2020 2020
Gravitational production of scalar dark matter
a
Departamento de F´ısica Te´ orica & IPARCOS, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain b Instituto de Estructura de la Materia (IEM-CSIC), Serrano 121, 28006 Madrid, Spain
E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Abstract: We investigate the gravitational production of scalar dark matter particles during the inflationary and reheating epochs. The oscillatory behavior of the curvature scalar R during the reheating phase generates two different enhancement mechanisms in the particle production. On the one hand, as it has been already discussed in previous works, it induces tachyonic instabilities in the field which are the dominant enhancement mechanism for light masses. On the other hand, we have found that it also provokes a resonant effect in the ultraviolet region of the spectrum which becomes dominant for masses in the range 109 GeV to 1013 GeV. We have developed an analytical approximation to describe this resonance effect and its consequences on the ultraviolet regime. Once we have calculated the theoretical gravitational production, we constrain the possible values of the phenomenological field parameters to be considered as a dark matter candidate. We do so by comparing the theoretically predicted abundance with the observed one and ensuring that the theoretical prediction does not lead to overproduction. In particular, we find that there is a region of intermediate masses that is forbidden as they would lead to overproduction. Keywords: Cosmology of Theories beyond the SM, Classical Theories of Gravity, Effective Field Theories ArXiv ePrint: 1910.13937
c The Authors. Open Access, Article funded by SCOAP3 .
https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP06(2020)084
JHEP06(2020)084
Jose A.R. Cembranos,a Luis J. Garaya,b and Jose M. S´ anchez Vel´ azqueza
Contents 1 Introduction
1
2 Background, field dynamics and gravitational production
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3 Numerical analysis
9 12 12 14
5 Constraints for dark matter
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6 Conclusions
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1
Introduction
The nature of dark matter has been an open question since F. Zwicky first proposed its existence to explain the dynamics of the Coma cluster galaxies [1]. In the last decades, dark matter has become a key ingredient to explain cosmological observations. However, we are still lacking a fundamental description of its nature. The community has followed several approaches to understand it with special effort in looking for extensions of the Standard Model (SM) of particles as many beyond SM proposals include new different fields that could be potential candidates to explain dark matter [2]. However, without any conclusive experiment so far, there is great uncertainty in the intrinsic properties of the dark matter candidates as each theoretical proposal predicts different values for its parameters. The only experimental certainty we have so far is that the cross-section of dark matter with the
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