Pseudo-Goldstone dark matter: gravitational waves and direct-detection blind spots
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Springer
Received: August 24, Revised: September 7, Accepted: September 11, Published: October 13,
2020 2020 2020 2020
Tommi Alanne,a,b Nico Benincasa,c Matti Heikinheimo,d Kristjan Kannike,c Venus Keus,d Niko Koivunenc and Kimmo Tuominend a
Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZL, United Kingdom b Max-Planck-Institut f¨ ur Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany c National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Ravala 10, Tallinn 10143, Estonia d Department of Physics and Helsinki Institute of Physics, Gustaf Hallstromin katu 2, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Abstract: Pseudo-Goldstone dark matter is a thermal relic with momentum-suppressed direct-detection cross section. We study the most general model of pseudo-Goldstone dark matter arising from the complex-singlet extension of the Standard Model. The new U(1) symmetry of the model is explicitly broken down to a CP-like symmetry stabilising dark matter. We study the interplay of direct-detection constraints with the strength of cosmic phase transitions and possible gravitational-wave signals. While large U(1)-breaking interactions can generate a large direct-detection cross section, there are blind spots where the cross section is suppressed. We find that sizeable cubic couplings can give rise to a first-order phase transition in the early universe. We show that there exist regions of the parameter space where the resulting gravitational-wave signal can be detected in future by the proposed Big Bang Observer detector. Keywords: Beyond Standard Model, Cosmology of Theories beyond the SM ArXiv ePrint: 2008.09605
c The Authors. Open Access, Article funded by SCOAP3 .
https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP10(2020)080
JHEP10(2020)080
Pseudo-Goldstone dark matter: gravitational waves and direct-detection blind spots
Contents 1 Introduction
1
2 General complex-singlet model
3 5 5 7 10 11
4 Phase transitions and gravitational waves 4.1 Thermal potential 4.2 Gravitational-wave signal and peak-integrated sensitivity curves 4.3 Scan of the parameter space and results
13 13 14 16
5 Conclusions
20
A Shift of the singlet field A.1 Shifts of parameters under the shift of the field A.2 Potential in the shift-invariant notation
21 21 21
B Annihilation cross sections
22
C Direct-detection cross section at one loop
24
D Renormalisation group equations
25
1
Introduction
Recent direct-detection results have imposed severe constraints [1–3] on some of the most popular dark matter (DM) frameworks, such as the real-scalar-singlet extension of the Standard Model (SM). Pseudo-Goldstone DM is a simple framework with a naturally small direct-detection cross section due to suppressed scattering rates at low momentum transfer resulting from the derivative interactions of the Goldstone boson. In the min
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