Gravitational wave formation from the collapse of dark energy field configurations
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, PARTICLES, FIELDS, GRAVITATION, AND ASTROPHYSICS
Gravitational Wave Formation from the Collapse of Dark Energy Field Configurations V. Jhalani, A. Mishra, and A. Singh* Physics Department, L.N. Mittal Institute of Information Technologies, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 302031 India *e-mail: [email protected] Received April 12, 2017
Abstract—Dark energy is the dominant component of the energy density in the Universe. In a previous paper, we have shown that the collapse of dark energy fields leads to the formation of supermassive black holes with masses comparable to the masses of black holes at the centers of galaxies. Thus, it becomes a pressing issue to investigate the other physical consequences of the collapse of dark energy fields. Given that the primary interactions of dark energy fields with the rest of the Universe are gravitational, it is particularly interesting to investigate the gravitational wave signals emitted during the collapse of dark energy fields. This is the focus of the current work described in this paper. We describe and use the 3+1 BSSN formalism to follow the evolution of the dark energy fields coupled with gravity and to extract the gravitational wave signals. Finally, we describe the results of our numerical computations and the gravitational wave signals produced by the collapse of dark energy fields. DOI: 10.1134/S1063776117090035
I. INTRODUCTION As the accuracy of astronomical observations increases, the precision in the determination of cosmological parameters also increases. This, in turn, leads to a critical reexamination of our cosmological models. In particular, an accurate determination of the Hubble constant and an independent determination of the age of the Universe have forced us to critically reexamine the simplest cosmological model, a f lat Universe with a zero cosmological constant [1, 2]. These observations forced one of us [3] to consider the idea of a small nonvanishing vacuum energy due to fields as playing an important role in the Universe. Subsequently, there has been a large body of work both on the observational and theoretical side that has firmed up our belief in what we now call dark energy. Given that we now believe that dark energy is the dominant component of the Universe, there is now a pressing need to understand the dynamics of dark energy and, in particular, its gravitational dynamics. Before we start our detailed look at the gravitational dynamics of dark energy field configurations, we would like to quickly introduce field theory models of dark energy. Field theory models for dark energy and their connections to particle physics were discussed in detail earlier by one of us [3]. It was noted in that article that the characteristics of the fields must have very light mass scales in order to be cosmologically relevant
today. Realistic models in high-energy physics with particles of light masses capable of generating interesting cosmological consequences have been discussed by several authors [4]. It has been pointed out that the most natural class of mo
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