Greenly Synthesized Magnetite@SiO 2 @Xanthan Nanocomposites and Its Application in Enhanced Oil Recovery: IFT Reduction
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RESEARCH ARTICLE-PETROLEUM ENGINEERING
Greenly Synthesized Magnetite@SiO2@Xanthan Nanocomposites and Its Application in Enhanced Oil Recovery: IFT Reduction and Wettability Alteration Jagar Ali1,2 · Abbas Khaksar Manshad3 · Irfan Imani3 · S. Mohammad Sajadi4,5 · Alireza Keshavarz6 Received: 19 July 2019 / Accepted: 20 January 2020 © King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals 2020
Abstract Nanomaterials were used in enhanced oil recovery methods to improve the surface activity at the solid/oil/liquid contact line and remove oil through disjoining pressure gradient mechanism. The main objective of study is to prepare a green nanocomposites (NCs) and identify its effect on the interfacial tension (IFT) reduction and wettability alteration. A simple, economical and green technique was applied to synthesize F e3O4@SiO2@xanthan NCs from the Alocasia macrorrhiza plant extract. The prepared NCs were identified employing X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The fabricated NCs at different concentrations (250 to 1500 ppm) were dispersed in distilled water to prepare the nanofluid solutions which were characterized by analyzing their viscosity, pH and conductivity properties. Additionally, the effect of the prepared nanofluids on the IFT reduction and wettability alteration of the crude-oil/aqueous-phase/rock system was examined. Obtained experimental results demonstrated a significant decrease in the values of IFT and contact angle under the effect of the synthesized NCs, which were reduced from 28.3 mN/m and 134° to 4.35 mN/m and 28°, respectively. Thus, the wettability of the used carbonate rock was greatly altered from a strong oil-wet to a strong water-wet system. Keywords Green synthesis · Nanocomposite · Nanofluid · Alocasia macrorrhiza · Magnetite · Silicon dioxide
1 Introduction
* Jagar Ali [email protected] * Abbas Khaksar Manshad [email protected] 1
Department of Petroleum Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Soran University, Soran, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
2
Department of Petroleum Engineering, College of Engineering, The American University of Kurdistan, Duhok, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
3
Department of Petroleum Engineering, Abadan Faculty of Petroleum Engineering, Petroleum University of Technology (PUT), Abadan, Iran
4
Department of Nutrition, Cihan University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
5
Scientific Research Center, Soran University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
6
School of Engineering, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
Earlier, water injection, as a widely used worldwide secondary recovery process, was capable to extract about 40% of oil [1, 2]. Thus, over 60% of the original oil in place (OOIP) remained unrecoverable in the reservoir because of several considerable difficulties, such as the oil bypass and trapping due to the poor sweep and displacement efficiencies of the injected water [3, 4]. Chemical EOR methods were used to overcome these problems and produce the trapped hydrocarbons by pro
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