Wettability alteration analysis of smart water/novel functionalized nanocomposites for enhanced oil recovery
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Wettability alteration analysis of smart water/novel functionalized nanocomposites for enhanced oil recovery Sara Habibi1 · Arezou Jafari1 · Zahra Fakhroueian2 Received: 25 May 2019 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Smart water flooding, as a popular method to change the wettability of carbonate rocks, is one of the interesting and challenging issues in reservoir engineering. In addition, the recent studies show that nanoparticles have a great potential for application in EOR processes. However, little research has been conducted on the use of smart water with nanoparticles in enhanced oil recovery. In this study, stability, contact angle and IFT measurements and multi-step core flooding tests were designed to investigate the effect of the ionic composition of smart water containing S O42− and C a2+ ions in the presence of nanofluid on EOR processes. The amine/organosiloxane@Al2O3/SiO2 (AOAS) nanocomposite previously synthesized using co-precipitation-hydrothermal method has been used here. However, for the first time the application of this nanocomposite along with smart water has been studied in this research. Results show that by increasing the concentrations of calcium and sulfate ions in smart water, oil recovery is improved by 9% and 10%, respectively, compared to seawater. In addition, the use of smart water and nanofluids simultaneously is very effective on increasing oil recovery. Finally, the best performance was observed in smart water containing two times of sulfate ions concentration (SW2S) with nanofluids, showing increased efficiency of about 7.5%. Keywords Smart water · Nanofluid · Wettability alteration · Contact angle · Stability · Enhanced oil recovery
1 Introduction On average, two-thirds of the oil remains in oil reservoirs after the primary and secondary production (injection of water). Despite the constant supply of crude oil, the demand for it is increasing due to the industrial development and the global population growth. These factors have led to an Edited by Yan-Hua Sun Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s12182-020-00436-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Arezou Jafari [email protected] * Zahra Fakhroueian [email protected] 1
Chemical Engineering Faculty, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Institute of Petroleum Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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increase in oil prices and the need to define and implement enhanced oil recovery projects (Kokal and Al-Kaabi 2010; Stosur et al. 2003). There are different EOR methods such as chemical, thermal and microbial processes. Chemical flooding such as polymer flooding, injection of alkaline or similar compounds is limited due to the high cost of injectable materials, their corrosion potential and the loss of injectable materials during movement in the reservoir (Elyaderani and Jafari 2019; Engeset 2012; Yousefvand and Jafari 2018). Due
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