Grinding Machines
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Grinding Machines Konrad Wegener Institut f€ ur Werkzeugmaschinen und Fertigung (IWF), ETH Z€ urich, Z€ urich, Switzerland
Synonyms Grinder
Definition A grinding machine is a machine for material removal with geometrically non-defined, bonded cutting edges, where the relative movement between tool and workpiece is rotational or linear. The machine further must provide relative feed and positioning movements between tool and workpiece. The movements between tool support (spindle) and workpiece follow a defined geometrical path – it is path defined. Material removal with geometrical non-defined cutting edges is considered as material removal that is made by a large number of cutting edges normally on abrasive grains, which are undefined, with respect to number, shape, and/or position, where the envelope over all stochastically distributed cutting edges defines the tool geometry. Grinding with linear relative movement is called pitch grinding. If the reciprocating linear
movement is coupled with a continuous rotational movement, the process is called honing. Belt grinders, where a belt to which the abrasive grains are bonded is driven by the machine, also belong to the grinding machine. Either material contact can be in the area of the pulley or some linear belt support. So the cutting movement is either a rotational or a linear movement. The same kinematics might be used for polishing, but there the cutting movement between tool support and workpiece is not path but force defined, thus resulting in higher uncertainty of the surface geometry but better surface quality.
Theory and Application As grinding machines belong to the class of machines for the material removal with geometrically non-defined cutting edges, those machines can be classified in correlation to the classification of the different process technologies with geometrically non-defined cutting edges as it is given in DIN 8589, parts 11, 12, and 13 (DIN 8589-11 2003; DIN 8589-12 2003; DIN 8589-13 2003). These standards belong to a group of standards based on DIN 8580 (DIN 8580 2003), where a hierarchical classification of all manufacturing processes is proposed. Table 1 shows the classification criteria in the different levels. The grinding processes are member of the material separation processes in the first
# CIRP 2015 The International Academy for Production Engineering et al. (eds.), CIRP Encyclopedia of Production Engineering, DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-35950-7_16787-1
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Grinding Machines
Grinding Machines, Table 1 Classification scheme of processes according to DIN 8580 (2003), DIN 8589, part 0 (2003) and of grinding machines Process Level no. 1
Process Criterion
Machine Level no.
3 4
Change of material connectivity: 3. Reduction of connectivity Resulting bodies 3.3. Chipping with geometrically non-defined cutting edges 3.3.X Generation of cutting speed 3.3.X.X Generated surface
1 2
5 6
3.3.X.X.X External internal 3.3.X.X.X.X Contact situation
3 4
2
Machine Criterion
Grinding machines
As process classification Setup for surface gene
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