Grinding
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Grinding Jan C. Aurich1, Christian Effgen2 and Benjamin Kirsch1 1 FBK – Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Production Systems, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany 2 Günter Effgen GmbH, Herrstein, Germany
Definition Grinding is defined as machining applying tools with a large number of geometrically undefined cutting edges with negative rake angles, which are composed of natural or synthetic abrasive material retained by a bonding material. The chip formation is characterized by a noncontinuous contact and a high relative velocity between the abrasive grains and the workpiece. The cutting motion is either linear or rotating.
Theory and Application Introduction Grinding is a manufacturing process that belongs to the group of material removal processes. Material removal processes where a chip is formed can be subdivided into the groups of cutting processes and abrasive processes. Grinding differs from other abrasive processes such as honing, lapping,
polishing, and blasting by the tools that are used, the depth of cut, and the kinematics during chip formation. The tools that are used for grinding are grinding wheels, pins, and belts, where the abrasive grains are retained in a bonding material. In the German DIN 8589-13 Standard (2003), the process of “honing by linear cutting motion” is also defined as a grinding process. Honing, in contrast to “honing by linear motion,” is characterized by a cutting motion composed by two components, as defined in DIN 8589-14 Standard (2003). At least one of the motion components in honing is reciprocating. For both honing and “honing by linear motion” stones are used as tools. The main advantages of grinding are: • The good machinability of hard and brittle materials • The high shape and dimensional accuracy • The excellent achievable surface quality Figure 1 shows an exemplary grinding process without the use of coolant (dry grinding). As illustrated by the fire sparks, most of the energy in the material removal process is being dissipated into thermal energy. A consequence of improper process design due to the high thermal energy can be thermal damages (Brinksmeier et al. 1982).
# CIRP 2017 The International Academy for Production Engineering et al. (eds.), CIRP Encyclopedia of Production Engineering, DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-35950-7_6427-5
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Grinding
Grinding, Fig. 1 Fire sparks while surface grinding without coolant (Reprinted with permission)
Grinding Processes Regarding to the DIN standards, the different grinding processes can be classified by several specific attributes (See Table 1). Grinding Tools Common grinding tools (also grinding wheels) have a round wheel shape. The standard wheel shapes and sizes are defined in the FEPA standard Grinding, Table 1 Attributes and resulting grinding processes (according to DIN 8589–11 Standard 2003) Attribute Kind of area that has to be ground
Position of the area that has to be ground Active surface of the grinding tool Feed direction
Kind of feed control
Kind of rolling motion Feed and infeed combination Su
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