Gut Health = Mental Health? The Impact of Diet and Dietary Supplements on Mood Disorders
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GASTROENTEROLOGY, CRITICAL CARE, AND LIFESTYLE MEDICINE (SA MCCLAVE, SECTION EDITOR)
Gut Health = Mental Health? The Impact of Diet and Dietary Supplements on Mood Disorders Michael Mueller 1 & Ravindra Ganesh 1
&
Sara Bonnes 1
Accepted: 16 October 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Purpose of Review Depression and mood disorders impact a significant number of our population. The purpose of this review was to investigate the current literature on dietary strategies or supplements that may impact mood and cognition. Recent Findings Several recent studies and reviews have found that promoting a “healthy” diet may help improve depressive symptoms, and that such interventions are cost-effective. Other reviews have found that there may be some benefit to multiple dietary interventions/supplementations on a variety of mood disorders. Summary While these studies offer a safe, cost-effective option, the quality of evidence is poor. Regardless, promoting a healthy diet including healthy fats, whole grains, and a variety of fruits and vegetables promotes not only mental health, but also a variety of other chronic conditions. Thus, while not ready as standalone therapy, dietary counseling/intervention should be included as we address mental health concerns of our patients. Keywords Mood disorders . Depression . Probiotics . Mediterranean diet . Ketogenic diet
Introduction Despite frequent claims that nutritional interventions have significant impact on mood and cognitive disorders, there are no standardized guidelines for their use in this population. This is largely because the currently existing studies to inform dietary recommendations for patients with mood disorders are limited by study size, heterogeneous patients, and poor methodology. In this article, we describe the available data on dietary guidance for patients with mood disorders.
This article is part of the Topical Collection on Gastroenterology, Critical Care, and Lifestyle Medicine * Michael Mueller [email protected] 1
Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
Pathophysiology and Prevalence of Mood Disorders: What We Know Mood disorders, such as depression, bipolar disorder, and PTSD, are estimated to affect as much as 21.4% of US adults at some juncture in their lives, including an estimated 9.7% of adults in the past year [1]. The pathogenesis of mood disorders is complex with contributions from a wide variety of biological, psychological, and social factors. Lifestyle and dietary factors may play a role in regulation of mood disorders by affecting levels of stress, neurotransmitter release, reuptake or metabolism of neurotransmitters, or by providing substrate for the production of neurotransmitters. Over the last few decades, it has become clear that individual response to chemicals varies based on the individual genotype which manifests phenotypically as alterations in receptors, enzymes, and transporters on a cellular level [2]. Some of the
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