Habitat characteristics and size structure in a population of an endangered lamprey, Lethenteron sp. N, in an urbanized
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Habitat characteristics and size structure in a population of an endangered lamprey, Lethenteron sp. N, in an urbanized area of Japan Yuna Hirano1 · Noriko Kidera1,2 · Natsuko I. Kondo3 · Jun Nishihiro1,3 Received: 28 November 2019 / Revised: 29 January 2020 / Accepted: 24 March 2020 © The Ichthyological Society of Japan 2020
Abstract For conservation of a lamprey population in an urbanized area, basic properties including taxonomic attribution, habitat characteristics and spatial distribution were investigated. Sequencing analysis of mitochondrial genes suggested that the population belongs to Lethenteron sp. N. The abundance and size distribution of the population varied temporally and spatially. Spawning activity was observed only in the uppermost reach. Although a drop structure at the downstream may prevent the movement of individuals, the presence of many sources of spring water and sandy substrate in the study stream suggested that the local condition of habitat was suitable for this species. Keywords Cyclostomata · Endangered species · Isolated population · Mitochondrial DNA · Small valley
Introduction The genus Lethenteron, a relict group of cyclostomes, contains parasitic species with a fluvial and diadromous life cycle and non-parasitic species with a fluvial and non-diadromous life cycle (Abe 1987; Nakabo and Kai 2013; Nakabo 2018). Among three Lethenteron species which are distributed in Japan, Lethenteron japonicum is included in the former and Lethenteron reissneri and Lethenteron kessleri have a later life cycle. However, genetic analyses of allozymes (Yamazaki and Goto 1998) and mitochondrial genes (Yamazaki et al. 2003, 2006) have shown that the species Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10228-020-00747-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Yuna Hirano [email protected] 1
Faculty of Science, Toho University, 2‑2‑1 Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba 274‑8510, Japan
2
Present Address: Department of Biosphere‑Geosphere Science, Okayama University of Science, 1‑1 Ridaicho, Kita‑ku, Okayama 700‑0005, Japan
3
Center for Environmental Biology and Ecosystem Studies, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16‑2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305‑8506, Japan
recognized as “Lethenteron reissneri” in Japan consists of two cryptic species, Lethenteron sp. N and Lethenteron sp. S (Yamazaki and Goto 1996, 1997; Yamazaki et al. 2006). These two cryptic species have been considered reproductively isolated (Yamazaki and Goto 2000). Because they are morphologically indistinguishable, they have often been recorded in official documents and scientific reports without distinction. In the Japanese archipelago, Lethenteron sp. N is distributed in Hokkaido and across the northern to central Honshu Islands, while Lethenteron sp. S is distributed throughout the Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu islands (Yamazaki et al. 1999). The distributions of these species overlap in northern to central Honshu
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