Hadron Therapy Physics and Simulations
This brief provides an in-depth overview of the physics of hadron therapy, ranging from the history to the latest contributions to the subject. It covers the mechanisms of protons and carbon ions at the molecular level (DNA breaks and proteins 53BP1 and R
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Marcos d’Ávila Nunes
Hadron Therapy Physics and Simulations
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SpringerBriefs in Physics Editorial Board Egor Babaev, University of Massachusetts, USA Malcolm Bremer, University of Bristol, UK Xavier Calmet, University of Sussex, UK Francesca Di Lodovico, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK Maarten Hoogerland, University of Auckland, New Zealand Eric Le Ru, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand Hans-Joachim Lewerenz, California Institute of Technology, USA James Overduin, Towson University, USA Vesselin Petkov, Concordia University, Canada Charles H.-T. Wang, The University of Aberdeen, UK Andrew Whitaker, Queen’s University Belfast, UK
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Marcos d’Ávila Nunes
Hadron Therapy Physics and Simulations
Marcos d’Ávila Nunes University of São Paulo Ribeirão Preto Brazil
ISSN 2191-5423 ISSN 2191-5431 (electronic) ISBN 978-1-4614-8898-9 ISBN 978-1-4614-8899-6 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4614-8899-6 Springer New York Heidelberg Dordrecht London Library of Congress Control Number: 2013947925 © Marcos d’Ávila Nunes 2014 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
I am deeply grateful to my wife Maria Silvia and to my daughters, Alessandra, Ariane, Carla, Rafaela, and Samantha, for taking car
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