HAND (height above nearest drainage) tool and satellite-based geospatial analysis of Hyderabad (India) urban floods, Sep
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ORIGINAL PAPER
HAND (height above nearest drainage) tool and satellite-based geospatial analysis of Hyderabad (India) urban floods, September 2016 C. M. Bhatt 1 & G. Srinivasa Rao 2 Received: 24 April 2018 / Accepted: 24 September 2018 / Published online: 11 October 2018 # Saudi Society for Geosciences 2018
Abstract Urban flooding needs to be understood holistically and addressed geospatially by all stakeholders. In the present study, an attempt is made to understand the problem of urban flooding in part of Hyderabad city (Zone-12) geospatially considering the satellitebased changes in land use/land cover between 1989 and 2016, identifying low-lying areas vulnerable to flooding using HAND (height above nearest drainage) model in conjunction with the analysis of high-resolution satellite images and ground based validation of affected locations during rains of September 2016. The study shows that Zone-12 has undergone significant increase in impervious cover by 42% between 1989 and 2016. The impact of urbanization has obliterated the footprints of stream network, significantly changing the hydrological landscape due to burial of channels and concretization of lake beds. The interconnected channel network and lake system acting as sinks to absorb high runoff during monsoons have been encroached upon aggravating the urban flooding problem. The study shows that HAND model can be an effective tool under data scarce environments, limited cloud-free high-resolution satellite data availability during floods to have first cut baseline information on flood vulnerable areas. Keywords Urban . HAND . SRTM . Satellite . Floods . Hyderabad
Introduction Urban flooding these days is the new buzzword among the scientific community, planners, and decision makers across the globe and is now more discussed topic than the riverine flooding because of its serious impacts on the economy. Urban flooding is no more a subject of municipal administration alone but has assumed a form of serious disaster threat which needs concern of environmental scientists and disaster managers (Gupta and Nair 2011). Today because of rapid unplanned urbanization across the globe and
* C. M. Bhatt [email protected] G. Srinivasa Rao [email protected] 1
Indian Institute of Remote Sensing (IIRS) Campus, Indian Space research Organization (ISRO), Department of Space, Government of India, 4, Kalidas Road, Dehradun 248001, India
2
Regional Remote Sensing Centre – East, NRSC, ISRO, BG-2, AA-1B, Jyoti Basu Nagar, Kolkata 700156, India
increased climate variability, the risk assessment due to urban flooding is being now being considered as a serious threat and prevention of flooding has become an important issue (Duan et al. 2016). The gravity of the problem is fast assuming serious threat as migration of rural population continues towards urban areas at a faster pace which is assessed to be 70% of the world’s population by 2050 (UN 2008). The impact of urbanization and urban flooding is likely to have greater in developing countries. Asia being one of t
