Handbook of Democratic Government Party Government in 20 Democracies
The Handbook of Democratic Government is the first compact and comprehensive data collection for 20 countries which simultaneously provides comparative and complete information on the composition of governments. Parties, ministries, portfolios, ministers
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HANDBOOK OF DEMOCRATIC GOVERNMENT Party Government in 20 Democracies (1945-1990)
Edited by JAAP WOLDENDORP HANSKEMAN Department of Political Science & Public Administration. Free University. Amsterdam
and IANBUDGE Department of Government. Essex University. Colchester
(Reprinted from European Journal of Political Research, Volume 24, No. 1, 1993)
SPRINGER SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, B.V.
ISBN 978-94-010-4837-8 ISBN 978-94-011-1894-1 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-011-1894-1
Printed on acid-free paper
AH Rights Reserved © 1993 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1993 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1993 No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced Of utilized in any fOfm or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording Of by any infofmation storage and retrieval system, without written pefmission from the copyright owner.
Contents 1
Introduction
2
2.4
Government in Parliamentary Democracies The Choice of Countries and Period under Investigation Parties, Ministries and Party Control of Government What is a Government and how long does it last? Ministers and the Distribution of Offices & Competences
3 4 5
3
Operationalisation: Conceptual Validity and Data Reliability
6
4
Glossary of Format of Data Set and Structure of Presentation
10
2.1
2.2 2.3
1
2
References
12
Australia Austria Belgium Canada Denmark Finland France (IV) France (V) Germany Iceland Ireland Israel Italy Japan Luxembourg Netherlands New Zealand Norway Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom
15
The Stability of Parliamentary Democracies. Duration, Type and Termination of Governments
20 23
29 33
38 43 48 53
58
62 65
70 79 84
87 90
94 98 101 104 107
Acknowledgements It is obvious that the development of a data collection like this involves hard work, and the assistance of a lot of people. First of all we would like to thank many colleagues who aided us on the way, helping us to avoid major mistakes and offering advice whenever asked. In particular Rick Hofferbert, Michael Laver and Manfred Schmidt should be mentioned. Secondly, the work of Clare Gardiner, Tibert Van Dijk, Ron Van Dooren and Alfonso Lopez Nunez on the original stage of this project ought to be recorded. Hugo Verpoorten, Elly Van Laar, Albert Santing and Andre Krouwel of the Vrije Universiteit were helpful during the closing stages. Thirdly, a number of colleagues ran last minute checks on the information about various of the countries included: Klaus Arrningeon, Judith Bara, Stefano Bartolini, Svante Ersson, Hans Hirtel, Hans-Peter Kriesi, Peter Mair, and Fran. C.F. (PSC) Busquin. F. (PSB). WUlockx. F. (BSP). Tobback, L. YandenBrande. L. (CYP) (BSP). Geens. A. (PYV). Biest. A. van der (PSB). Dehaene. J.-L.(CYP)
Hanin. Ch. (PSC). Mechelen. F. van (CYP)
0
Falize. P. (BSP). Chabert. J. (CYP). Grafe. J.-P. (PSC). Cudell. G.(BSP) Eislande. R. van (CYP). Yandenboeynants. P. (PSC). CalWice. A. (PSC). 'Backer-Y.O.• R. de (CYP). Grafe J
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