Handheld, smartphone based spectrometer for rapid and nondestructive testing of citrus cultivars
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Handheld, smartphone based spectrometer for rapid and nondestructive testing of citrus cultivars Satyam Srivastava1 · B. Vani2 · Shashikant Sadistap3 Received: 4 June 2020 / Accepted: 7 October 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Optimum maturity and ripeness at the time of harvest is highly important to maintain the nutritional parameters of fruits. Maturity and ripeness of most of the fruit samples depends on various physiochemical parameters such as color, shape, size, total soluble solid and many more. Several state-of-the-art solutions such as GC–MS, Electronic Nose, Spectrometer and many more are available to measure various fruit quality parameters but most of the solutions available in the market are bulky, time consuming, lab-level and requires skilled manpower for operation. Presented manuscript reports a battery operated, smartphone spectrometer based solution to carry out the variety of activities in the field. Overall device uses UV–Vis-NIR led array as source and collection of spectral sensors (AS7262 and OPT101) to acquire overall UV–Vis-NIR spectrum over the range of 400–1000 nm with the resolution of 40 nm. Designed source and detector modules have been interfaced with designed triggering, filter and amplification circuit. A low power wireless solution along with on-board microcontroller facility has been designed and interfaced with circuits, source and detectors. All essential components such as source, detectors, filters, lens and all circuits have been assembled in a housing of dimensions 18.0 × 9.0 × 6.0 (in cm) and the entire device weighs 183.35 g. Different statistical and neural network based modelling techniques have been explored to design prediction models for total soluble solids, weight, volume, chlorophyll, sugar content and acidity. Models have been evaluated based on accuracy, memory and time usage. Best performed models have been used to train handheld smartphone based spectrometer device to predict various quality parameters for citrus samples. System communicates data to smartphone based android app to display various parameters. Android app also provides facility to save data on cloud with tree and orchard ID to monitor overall yield and harvesting time. Keywords Spectrometer · Handheld · Smartphone · Data processing · Neural network · Total soluble solid · Quality
Introduction Different fruits have different absorption and reflection features in the illumination of different wavelength bands based on their change in internal and external attributes such as color, texture, sugar, acidity, total soluble solid content and many more. The electromagnetic spectrum covers a wide range of photon energies which could be categorized into different categories based on different wavelength bands * Satyam Srivastava [email protected] 1
Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSiR), CSIR-CEERI, Pilani, India
2
BITS, Pilani, India
3
CSIR-CEERI, Pilani, India
such as microwave, radio wave, n
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