Harmonizing Artificial Intelligence for Social Good
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Harmonizing Artificial Intelligence for Social Good Nicolas Berberich1
· Toyoaki Nishida2 · Shoko Suzuki3
Received: 30 September 2019 / Accepted: 4 August 2020 / © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract To become more broadly applicable, positions on AI ethics require perspectives from non-Western regions and cultures such as China and Japan. In this paper, we propose that the addition of the concept of harmony to the discussion on ethical AI would be highly beneficial due to its centrality in East Asian cultures and its applicability to the challenge of designing AI for social good. We first present a synopsis of different definitions of harmony in multiple contexts, such as music and society, which reveals that the concept is, at its core, about well-balanced relationships and appropriate actions which give rise to order, balance, and aesthetically pleasing phenomena. The mediator for these well-balanced relationships is Takt which is an ability to act thoughtfully and sensibly according to the specific situation and to put things into proportion and order. We propose that the central challenge of building harmonizing AI is to make intelligent systems tactful and also to design and use them tactfully. For an AI system to become tactful, it needs to be able to have an advanced sensitivity to the specific contexts which it is in and their social and ethical implications and have the capability of approximately inferring the emotional and cognitive states of people with whom it is interacting. Keywords Ethics of AI · Harmony · Takt · Human-technology interaction · Technological mediation
Nicolas Berberich
[email protected] Toyoaki Nishida [email protected] Shoko Suzuki [email protected]; [email protected] 1
RIKEN AIP, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
2
University of Fukuchiyama, Fukuchiyama, Kyoto, Japan
3
RIKEN AIP, Kyoto University Graduate School of Education, Kyoto, Japan
N. Berberich et al.
1 Introduction Artificial intelligence (AI) and its subdiscipline machine learning (ML) have made substantial progress in the last years. Especially techniques for training deep neural networks have been successful enough to make the jump from research laboratories to products and services in a variety of industry sectors. Being used by billions of people on a daily basis, AI technologies already have a major impact on society and considering the many application areas that researchers from academia and industry are working on, from early cancer detection to autonomous cars and robots, this impact will likely grow much larger in the next years and decades. However, technological progress is not deterministic but can and ought to be shaped responsibly and ethically. Carving out what these two terms mean and how they can be achieved for AI technology is the goal and mission of scholars in the applied ethics field called “AI ethics.” In the last years, the field has seen a large number of principles of ethical AI being proposed by entities from civil society, industry, and governments.
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