Has the ship sailed? The causes and consequences of school dropout from an ecological viewpoint
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Has the ship sailed? The causes and consequences of school dropout from an ecological viewpoint Muharrem Koc1 · Osman Zorbaz2 · Selen Demirtas‑Zorbaz3 Received: 18 October 2019 / Accepted: 20 May 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract The purpose of this study is to determine the factors relating to school dropout from the perspective of dropout students, their teachers, and their parents. It also explores students’ experiences after school dropout. To this end, in this qualitative study, five young adults who dropped out of middle or high school and their parents and teachers were interviewed. The study found the factors related to school dropout included adjustment problems at the individual level; family, teachers, and economy at the microsystem level; and gender at the macrosystem level. While students, teachers, and parents generally agreed on economic conditions, they had different views about family impact and teacher impact. The study also determined that individuals dropping out of school cannot enter the labor market due to school dropout or have to work in low-status jobs; they regret dropping out; and they think that they would have had a better life if they had not left school. Keywords School dropout · School graduation · Dropout consequences · Ecological theory · Labor market
* Osman Zorbaz [email protected] Muharrem Koc [email protected] Selen Demirtas‑Zorbaz [email protected] 1
Department of Educational Sciences, Faculty of Education, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
2
Ankara Courthouse, Ministry of Justice, Ankara, Turkey
3
Department of Educational Sciences, Faculty of Educational Sciences, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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1 Introduction Every year, the majority of individuals between the ages of 17 and 18 complete high school education and proceed to a higher education institution or enter working life. However, many young people who are in the normal educational age do not continue their education for various reasons. School dropout, which is defined as a student’s leaving school before graduating or completing the program in which they are studying/attending (McWhirter et al. 2004), is still among educational problems in many countries, as in Turkey. According to EUROSTAT (2019) data, the average rate of individuals in the age range of 18–24 dropping out of school is 31% in Turkey. However, there is insufficient data related to school dropout in educational statistics related to Turkey. A variety of research has published data related to school dropout, but these data are not systematic or comprehensive, forming a barrier to a full understanding of the problem. According to Küçüker (2019), the following conclusions can be made in relation to school dropout in Turkey: (1) school dropout is observed at all levels of formal education, but intensifies in second level education, (2) school dropout is mainly experienced in ninth class, and (3) the high school type with highest school dropout is vocational and technical
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