Head Injury Biomechanics
Impact to the head causes translational and rotational acceleration of the skull that sets up differential motion with the brain. This causes strain in neural tissues and at points of tethering. With a severe enough impact, the relative brain motion can a
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Series Editors: The Reetars Sandor Kaliszky - Budapest Mahir Sayir - Zurich Wilhelm Schneider - Wien The Secretarv General Bernhard Schref1er - Padua Executive Editor Carlo Tasso- Udine
The series presents lecture notes, monographs, edited works and proceedings in the field of Mechanics, Engineering, Computer Science and Applied Mathematics. Purpose of the series is to make known in the international scientific and technical community results obtained in some of the activities organized by CISM, the International Centre for Mechanical Sciences.
INTERNATIONAL CENTRE FOR MECHANICAL SCIENCES COURSESAND LECTURES - No. 423
CRASHWORTHINESS ENERGY MANAGEMENT AND OCCUPANT PROTECTION
EDITEDBY JORGE A.C. AMBROSIO INSTITUTO SUPERIOR TECNICO
~ Springer-Verlag Wien GmbH
This volume contains 207 illustrations
This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned specifically those of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, broadcasting, reproduction by photocopying machine or similar means, and storage in data banks. © 2001 by Springer-Verlag Wien Originally published by Springer-Verlag Wien New York in 2001
From pag. 303 to pag. 386 the copyright is owned by the Technical University of Eindhoven SPIN 10831819 In order to make this volume available as economically and as rapidly as possible the authors' typescripts have been reproduced in their original forms. This method unfortunately has its typographical Jimitations but it is hoped that they in no way distract the reader.
ISBN 978-3-211-83334-6 DOI 10.1007/978-3-7091-2572-4
ISBN 978-3-7091-2572-4 (eBook)
PREFACE Crashworthiness ensures the vehicle structural integrity and its ability to absorb crash energy with minimal diminution of survivable space. Restraint systems Iimit occupant motion mitigating injuries that may resuZt from contact with the vehicle inferior during sudden acceleration conditions. Both structural crashworthiness and occupant protection technologies are multi-disciplinary and highly specialized, including complex technical fields spanning from the areas of mechanics to biological sciences. This book presents numerical procedures relevant to the structural and biomechanical topics pertinent to the occupant protection. The book covers the fundamentals of the impact mechanics and biomechanics while providing an overview of modern analysis and design techniques used in the areas of impact energy management and occupant protection. The nonlinear structural response is thoroughly presented with emphasis on the use of nonlinear finite elements for crash analysis, conceptual modefing techniques, nonlinear multibody procedures and recent trends in crash simulation. The importance of the topics covered can be appraised in the framework of the occupant protection. Therefore, the issues related with impact biomechanics are presented in detail, from the fundamentals to the state-of-art, including occupant kinematics, injury mechanisms, occupant mathematical modeling using finite elemen
