Heart Rate Variability and Swimming
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SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Heart Rate Variability and Swimming Julian Koenig • Marc N. Jarczok • Mieke Wasner Thomas K. Hillecke • Julian F. Thayer
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Ó Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2014
Abstract Background and Objectives Professionals in the domain of swimming have a strong interest in implementing research methods in evaluating and improving training methods to maximize athletic performance and competitive outcome. Heart rate variability (HRV) has gained attention in research on sport and exercise to assess autonomic nervous system activity underlying physical activity and sports performance. Studies on swimming and HRV are rare. This review aims to summarize the current evidence on the application of HRV in swimming research and draws implications for future research. Methods A systematic search of databases (PubMed via MEDLINE, PSYNDEX and Embase) according to the PRISMA statement was employed. Studies were screened Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s40279-014-0211-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. J. Koenig J. F. Thayer Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA J. Koenig (&) Department of Psychology, Emotions and Quantitative Psychophysiology Laboratory, The Ohio State University, 175 Psychology Building, 1835 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA e-mail: [email protected] M. N. Jarczok Mannheim Institute of Public Health, Social and Preventive Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany M. Wasner T. K. Hillecke School of Therapeutic Sciences, SRH University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
for eligibility on inclusion criteria: (a) empirical investigation (HRV) in humans (non-clinical); (b) related to swimming; (c) peer-reviewed journal; and (d) English language. Results The search revealed 194 studies (duplicates removed), of which the abstract was screened for eligibility. Fourteen studies meeting the inclusion criteria were included in the review. Included studies broadly fell into three classes: (1) control group designs to investigate between-subject differences (i.e. swimmers vs. non-swimmers, swimmers vs. other athletes); (2) repeated measures designs on within-subject differences of interventional studies measuring HRV to address different modalities of training or recovery; and (3) other studies, on the agreement of HRV with other measures. Conclusions The feasibility and possibilities of HRV within this particular field of application are well documented within the existing literature. Future studies, focusing on translational approaches that transfer current evidence in general practice (i.e. training of athletes) are needed.
1 Introduction Swimming is of the most practiced and most popular forms of physical activity in the EU [1] and the US [2]. Research has addressed the beneficial health effects of swimming [3] (e.g. in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascularrelated diseases [4–7], and in patients with respiratory impairmen
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