Heat stress resilient crops for future hotter environments
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EDITORIAL
Heat stress resilient crops for future hotter environments S. V. Krishna Jagadish1 • Madan Pal2 • Sivakumar Sukumaran3 • Madasamy Parani4 Kadambot H. M. Siddique5
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Ó Indian Society for Plant Physiology 2020
Abstract The predicted increase in global mean temperature and its variability is a significant challenge for sustainable crop productivity under current and future climates. Research on understanding heat stress responses, identifying physiological processes, developing phenotyping protocols and unraveling molecular pathways that can help breed heat stress resilient crops is prominent in the crop science community. Research teams and laboratories contributing to this special issue title ‘Heat Stress on Crop Growth and Development’ have consolidated information on multiple dimensions of heat stress. The collection of reviews and research papers provides an excellent platform for developing future research objectives and is a valuable reference for students and researchers working on the heat stress response in crops. Keywords Heat stress Molecular mechanisms Phenomics Growth regulators Candidate genes
& S. V. Krishna Jagadish [email protected] 1
Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
2
Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
3
Global Wheat Program, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico
4
Genomics Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603 203, India
5
The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia (UWA), Perth, WA 6001, Australia
Introduction Efforts to develop heat stress resilient crops are relatively recent compared to those for drought- and salt-tolerant crops. As a result of the industrial revolution in the 1800s and associated anthropogenic activities, such as the burning of coal, the rapid increase in atmospheric CO2, has increased global mean temperatures. According to an ongoing temperature analysis by scientists at NASA’s Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS), Earth’s average global temperature has increased by just over 1o C since 1880. Two-thirds of this warming has occurred since 1975, at the rate of about 0.15–0.20 °C per decade (https://earth observatory.nasa.gov/world-of-change/global-temperatures). Current global climate models predict a further increases of 0.3 to 4.8 o C (average 2.6 °C) by the end of the century (IPCC 2014). While climate change has a wide range of implications, the rapid increase in temperature is a primary factor effecting crop yields (Ortiz-Bobea et al. 2019). Under the current scenario about 75% of moderate daily hot extreme temperatures over land are attributed to human influence (Fischer and Knutti 2015). Historically, plants have adapted to a gradual increase in mean temperature. A similar increase in mean temperature in the future does not pose a threat to agricultural productivity, but it is the significant v
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