Heavy Metal Removal from Electroplating Wastewater Using Acacia Cellulose Based Polymeric Chelating Ligand
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1219-AA06-05
Heavy Metal Removal from Electroplating Wastewater Using Acacia Cellulose Based Polymeric Chelating Ligand 1
Lutfor Rahman*, 2Simon Siew Yong Wen, 2Wong Hai Fatt, 2Sazmal Effendi Bin Arshad, 2Baba Musta and 2Mohd Harun Abdullah 1.
Faculty of Industrials Sciences and Technology, University Malaysia Pahang, 26300 Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia. 2. School of Science and Technology, University Malaysia Sabah, 88999 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia. * Email: [email protected]
ABSTRACT A polymeric chelating ligand containing hydroxamic acid and amidoxime functional groups were prepared from acrylate polymer grafted acacia cellulose and this ligand was introduced to remove heavy metals from industrial wastewaters. The heavy metals binding property with this ligand is excellent up to 3.78 mmol/ g sorbent and the rate of exchange of some metals was very fast i.e. t½ ≈ 6 min (average). Two types of wastewater from electroplating plants used in this study those containing chromium, zinc, nickel, copper and iron etc. Before removing heavy metals from wastewater, pH was adjusted to 4 and various metal concentrations were used for finding the extraction capability of the ligand. It was found that the metals recovery was highly efficient, up to 99.99% of several heavy metals were removed from electroplating wastewater using the ligands. Therefore, the proposed polymeric chelating ligands could be used to the remove such heavy metals from industrial wastewater and as well as effective ligands for environment protection. INTRODUCTION Cellulose is the most abundant and renewable polymer resource available in the world [1]. By photosynthesis, 1011–1012 tons of cellulose is synthesized annually in a relatively pure form [2]. Cellulose has been used in the form of wood and cotton as an energy source, a building material and clothing. The chemical modification of cellulose can be carried out to achieve adequate structural durability and efficient adsorption capacity for heavy metal ions [3]. However, the conversion of cellulose into suitable materials capable of adsorbing heavy metals from aqueous solutions has been tried in two main approaches. The first method involves a direct modification of the cellulose backbone with the introduction of chelating or metal binding functionalities producing a range of heavy metal adsorbents. The cellulose chain contains one primary hydroxyl group and two secondary hydroxyl groups. Functional groups may be attached to these hydroxyl groups through a variety of chemical reactions. The principle and main routes of direct modification of the cellulose for the preparation of adsorbent materials are esterification, etherification, halogenation and oxidation. Alternative methods have been focused on the grafting of selected monomers to the cellulose backbone either directly introducing metal binding capability or subsequent functionalization of these grafted polymer chains with known chelating moieties. The graft copolymerization is a
process in which side chain grafts are covalently a
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