Phosphate removal from wastewater using novel renewable resource-based, cerium/manganese oxide-based nanocomposites
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Phosphate removal from wastewater using novel renewable resource-based, cerium/manganese oxide-based nanocomposites Amita Nakarmi 1 & Kesav Chandrasekhar 1 & Shawn E. Bourdo 2 & Fumiya Watanabe 2 & Grégory Guisbiers 3 & Tito Viswanathan 1,4 Received: 20 December 2019 / Accepted: 21 May 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Nanocomposites containing mixed metal oxides show excellent phosphate removal results and are better compared to individual metal oxides. In this research, cerium/manganese oxide nanocomposites, embedded on the surface of modified cellulose pine wood shaving, were synthesized by a simple technique that is both eco-friendly and economically feasible. No toxic or petroleum chemicals were employed during preparation. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), surface area analysis, and attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy were performed to study the shape and size of nanocomposites as well as composition of elements present on the surface of the nanocomposites. Adsorption isotherm (Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin-Radushkevich) and kinetic studies (pseudo first and second-order, Elovich and Weber-Morris) were carried out to determine the adsorption mechanism for phosphate removal from contaminated water. The maximum adsorption capacity of nanocomposites was found to be 204.09 mg/g, 174.42 mg/g, and 249.33 mg/g for 100 mg, 300 mg, and 500 mg, respectively. The results indicate that the nanocomposites were able to decrease the phosphorus concentration from 10 to 0.01 ppm, below the threshold limit required by EPA guidelines in the USA. We also demonstrated that the media could be regenerated and reused five times without loss of performance. Keywords Phosphate . Cerium oxide . Manganese oxide . Adsorption . Regeneration
Introduction Responsible editor: Angeles Blanco Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-09400-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Amita Nakarmi [email protected] * Tito Viswanathan [email protected] 1
Department of Chemistry, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, 2801 South University Avenue, Little Rock, AR 72204, USA
2
Center for Integrative Nanotechnology Sciences, 2801 South University Avenue, Little Rock, AR 72204, USA
3
Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, 2801 South University Avenue, Little Rock, AR 72204, USA
4
Synanomet, LLC, Little Rock, 2801 South University Avenue, Little Rock, AR 72204, USA
In 2018, the World Health Organization estimated that about 2.1 billion people had shortages of clean water and lacked access to preserved reservoirs (WHO 2018). A shortage of sanitation services in numerous cultivating regions of the globe contributes to this issue. Freshwater sources, such as lakes and rivers, remain vulnerable to contaminants and the aforementione
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