Heavy Metals Behavior in the Presence of Organic Acids and Proteins in the Rhizosphere and Plant Tissues of Yellow Melon
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Heavy Metals Behavior in the Presence of Organic Acids and Proteins in the Rhizosphere and Plant Tissues of Yellow Melon var. Natal (Cucumis melo L.) Cultivated in a Quartzarenic Neosol Carlos Roberto Irias Zelaya & Janine Colares Gadelha Maria Eugenia Ortiz Escobar
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Fernando Felipe Ferreyra Hernandez
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Received: 29 June 2020 / Accepted: 15 November 2020 # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract We propose to identify the influence of organic acids as well as total proteins in the accumulation and translocation of heavy metals from the rhizosphere to the plant organs of cultivated yellow melon var. Natal throughout the vegetative cycle. Physical and chemical attributes and the concentration of Cu, Zn, and Pb were determined in soil samples. Samples of plant tissue and rhizosphere at 0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 days after transplantation were collected and determined the concentration of heavy metals along with the content of total protein in the tissues and organic acids in the rhizosphere. Subsequently, the transfer factor (TF) and bioconcentration factor (BF) were calculated. Oxalic and citric acids and heavy metal contents were slightly higher in the rhizosphere than those found in the soil. The organic acids and total protein showed correlations with the concentration of heavy metals in different organs of the plant. The protein content in the plant tissues and the contents of oxalic and citric acid released by the plant in the rhizosphere can increase or decrease the absorption, accumulation, and translocation of Cu,
C. Irias Zelaya : J. C. Gadelha : F. F. F. Hernandez : M. Ortiz Escobar (*) Soil Science Department, Federal University of Ceará, Avenida Mister Hull, 2977, Fortaleza, CE CEP 60440-554, Brazil e-mail: [email protected]
Zn, and Pb in the different organs of the yellow melon var. Natal. Even the BF and TF showed values higher than one, being indicative of phytoextraction potential in several stages of the vegetative cycle for Cu and Zn, the yellow melon var. Natal cannot be considered as a hyperaccumulator plant for not meeting all necessary criteria for that purpose. Keywords Citric acid . Oxalic acid . Bioconcentration factor . Transfer factor . Soil protein
1 Introduction Conventional agriculture is one of the anthropogenic activities that most uses agrochemicals, favoring the accumulation of heavy metals to the environment and depending on their concentration and availability, and can have toxic effects in human lives. The soil due to their characteristics, may favor the accumulation of heavy metals, but when retention capacity is overcome,
C. Irias Zelaya e-mail: [email protected] J. C. Gadelha e-mail: [email protected] F. F. F. Hernandez e-mail: [email protected]
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there are other options such as absorption process by plants or transfer of heavy metals to underground water. The Jaguaribe mesoregion, Ceará State, northeastern Brazil, stands out in the production of yellow melon var. Natal as one of the most important agriculturaleconomic activities, producing
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