Heavy metals in urban dusts from Alexandria and Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt: implications for human health
- PDF / 1,402,701 Bytes
- 12 Pages / 595.276 x 790.866 pts Page_size
- 44 Downloads / 266 Views
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Heavy metals in urban dusts from Alexandria and Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt: implications for human health Waqar Azeem Jadoon 1,2 & Sherif Mohamed Mohamed Ali Abdel-Dayem 1,3 & Zafeer Saqib 4 & Kazuhiko Takeda 2 & Hiroshi Sakugawa 2 & Manzoor Hussain 5 & Ghulam Mujtaba Shah 1,5 & Wajid Rehman 6 & Jabir Hussain Syed 7 Received: 19 December 2019 / Accepted: 6 April 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract A total of 23 road-dust and 9 house-dust samples were collected from Alexandria and Kafr El-Sheikh cities, Egypt in 2016 to investigate heavy metal (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) contamination, spatial distribution, sources, and health risks. The mean concentrations (mg kg−1) of Cd (road-dust (RD) = 0.33, house-dust (HD) = 0.77), Cu (RD = 80, HD = 141), Pb (RD = 70, HD = 260), and Zn (RD = 169, HD = 771) in Alexandria and Zn (RD = 192, HD = 257) in Kafr El-Sheikh were higher than corresponding background (background refers to generic earth crust shale values given in the literature) levels. Whereas average concentrations (mg kg−1) of Co, Cr, Mn, and Ni (Alexandria: RD = 2.7, 24.3, 251, 14.4; HD = 3.2, 29.2, 237, 25.1 and Kafr ElSheikh: RD = 6.6, 31.9, 343, 20.2; HD = 8.6, 33.4, 438, 23.2) in both cities were much lower than their background values. Spatially, for most heavy metals, the high concentrations were observed in areas characterized with increased anthropogenic activities, heavy traffic, and high population density. Contamination indices revealed moderate contamination (Cd and Cu) to high contamination (Pb: only house-dust from Alexandria), which posed low (most metals) to moderate ecological risk (Cd and Pb). Correlation analysis and factor analysis classified the studied metals in two groups as: natural input (Co, Cr, Mn, Ni, and Fe) and anthropogenic sources (Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn). The noncancerous risks posed by studied metals ranged from 0.0001 (Cd) to 0.15 (Pb) and were insignificant. The cancerous risk of Pb (1.4 × 10−4) for children on exposure to house-dust form Alexandria exceeded the guideline values and was considered unacceptable, whereas the cancerous risks of other studied metals were acceptable for both subpopulations. The results of health risk revealed that children are facing higher risk than adults. Keywords Heavy metals . ICP-OES . Anthropogenic activities . Contamination indices . Sources . Health riskes
Responsible Editor: Philippe Garrigues Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-08786-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Jabir Hussain Syed [email protected] Waqar Azeem Jadoon [email protected] 1
2
3
Department of Pesticides Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
4
Department of Environmental Sciences, International Islamic University Islamabad, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
5
Department of Botany, Hazara University, Mansehra 21130, Pakistan
Department
Data Loading...
