Pollution characteristics and human health risk from trace metals in roadside soil and road dust around major urban park
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Pollution characteristics and human health risk from trace metals in roadside soil and road dust around major urban parks in Delhi city Zainab Siddiqui 1 & P. S. Khillare 1 & Darpa Saurav Jyethi 2 & Deeksha Aithani 1 & Amit Kumar Yadav 1 Received: 22 February 2020 / Accepted: 7 July 2020 # Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract This study characterizes trace metal content in roadside soil and road dust in and around parks of Delhi. Parks in Delhi are generally built in proximity to major traffic roads due to lack of planning and land scarcity. The results indicate similar distribution pattern of trace metals in roadside soil and road dust, in the order Fe > Mn > Zn > Cu > Pb > Ni > Co. The finer fraction (< 63 μm) was found to have higher metal loading than the bulk fraction (< 2 mm). Lead exhibited high geoaccumulation index (Igeo) for both, road dust (3.2) and roadside soil (3.6). The overall pollution load index (PLI) of the zone for both, road dust (PLI = 0.9) and RS (PLI = 1.0), suggests that further contamination will deteriorate the site. Source apportionment by principal component analysis (PCA) identified industrial and traffic sources. Health risk assessment was carried out to assess carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk due to trace metal exposure. Hazard index (HI) indicates that all the studied metals are in safe limits, but Mn (HI > 1; for road dust) can pose non-carcinogenic risk to exposed children. Carcinogenic risk from particularly Ni exposure was found to be high for all the possible pathways, i.e. ingestion, inhalation and dermal. Risk calculated for exposed population revealed that children are more susceptible to non-cancer risk than the adults. The observed health risk by Ni indicates high carcinogenic risk for the urban population. Keywords Carcinogenic risk . Trace metals . Road dust . Parks . Exposure
Introduction Urban areas are well-recognized hotspots for environmental health hazards. Urban soil and road dust are often contaminated. Emissions by local sources including deterioration and renovation work, construction, metal chipping, traffic, etc. near to road contribute to pollutant load in road dust (RD) and roadside soil (RS) (Harrison 1979; Schwar et al. 1988). RD and RS contaminated with trace metals can pose risk to human health as they are susceptible to re-suspension in the atmosphere. The common routes of human exposure are dermal, inhalation and Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-020-00874-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * P. S. Khillare [email protected] 1
School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, Delhi, India
2
Theoretical and Applied Sciences Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, North-East Centre, Tezpur, Assam, India
ingestion. In the human body, trace metals can circulate and get aggregated in fatty acid because of non-biodegradability (Sezgin et al. 2004). Trace metals can alter different body functions as they act as cofactor and catalyst
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