Hierarchical 3D Nanocomposites towards Advanced Electrochemical Energy Storage
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Hierarchical 3D Nanocomposites towards Advanced Electrochemical Energy Storage
Jiahua Zhu1, Suying Wei2 and Zhanhu Guo1* 1
Integrated Composites Laboratory (ICL), Dan F. Smith Department of Chemical Engineering, Lamar University, Beaumont, TX, 77710 USA [email protected] 2
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Lamar University, Beaumont, TX 77710, USA
ABSTRACT Polyaniline nanofibers (PANI-NFs)/graphite oxide (GO) nanocomposites with excellent interfacial interaction and elongated fiber structures were synthesized via a facile interfacial polymerization method. This method efficiently exfoliated the expanded layer structure of GO into individual sheet and thus significantly enhanced the specific surface area. The reduced diameter of PANI-NFs in PANI-NF/GO than that of pure PANI-NFs could shorten the diffusion distance and enhance the electro-active sites. The PANI-NFs/GO hybrid materials showed orders of magnitude enhancement in capacitance and better cycling stability than that of individual GO and PANI-NF components. INTRODUCTION Graphite oxide (GO) has triggered great interest in the nanocomposites field in recent years. To achieve different functionalities, various nanomaterials have been incorporated on GO surface to form a hybrid material. Among various nanostructures, conductive polymer such as polyaniline (PANI) is mostly studied because of its facile and versatile synthetic methods that can be used for synthesizing different nanostructures. For example, using an in situ oxidation polymerization method, PANI-NPs/GO composites have been synthesized and found to be electrorheological active within an electrical field[1]. Flexible PANI film/graphene composite paper was produced via an in-situ anodic electropolymerization process and this material generated a capacitance of 233 F/g in 1.0 M H2SO4 electrolyte[2]. To reach a higher energy storage density, PANI nanowire arrays[3] and nanofibers (PANI-NFs)[4] have been successfully grafted on the GO sheets using a rapid mixing reaction method and both composite materials exhibit a capacity as high as 555 and 480 F/g in 1.0 M H2SO4 electrolyte, respectively. However, the PANI-NFs/graphene composite film shows a relatively lower capacity of 210 F/g from a direct physical mixing of graphene and interfacial polymerized PANI-NFs[5], indicating that the interfacial interaction of the two phase materials plays a significant role in the electrochemical performances. In this proceeding paper, the preparation of PANI-NFs/GO PNCs using a facile interfacial polymerization approach is demonstrated, aiming to achieve an outstanding interfacial interaction and elongated nanofiber structure toward electrochemical energy storage. The electrochemical performance of these materials has been studied by cyclic voltammograms and cycling tests.
EXPERIMENT Natural graphite powder (SP-1) was purchased Bay Carbon Inc. Aniline (≥99.0%), ammonium persulfate (APS, ≥98.0%), p-toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA, ≥98.5%), sulfuric acid (95.0%-98.0%), hydrochloric acid (36.5-38.0%), potassium p
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