High capacity ethidium bromide removal by montmorillonites
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pISSN: 0256-1115 eISSN: 1975-7220
INVITED REVIEW PAPER
INVITED REVIEW PAPER
High capacity ethidium bromide removal by montmorillonites Lijuan Wang*, Zhaohui Li*,**,†, Xingrong Zhang***, Guocheng Lv*, and Xisen Wang**** *Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 29 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, China 100083 **Department of Geosciences, University of Wisconsin - Parkside, 900 Wood Road, Kenosha, WI 53144, USA ***BGRIMM Technology Group, Beijing 110160, China ****Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin - Parkside, 900 Wood Road, Kenosha, WI 53144, USA (Received 1 May 2020 • Revised 7 July 2020 • Accepted 11 July 2020) AbstractEthidium bromide (EtBr) is commonly used as a reagent to investigate DNA and RNA bonding in biochemistry. However, it is mutagenic and toxic; thus, its removal from the waste solution is of the top priority in lab safety practice. Although many products with high EtBr removal capacities are available on the market, developing new products with low material costs and high removal capacities is still an urgent priority. As the EtBr is in a cationic form Et+ balanced by counterion Br in aqueous solution, materials with high cation exchange capacity and large specific surface area may have great potential for efficient EtBr removal, Thus, several montmorillonites (MMTs) were evaluated for their EtBr removal capacity and methods of regeneration in this study. Results showed that both external and internal surfaces of MMTs were effective sorption sites for EtBr with a capacity up to 600 mg/g. And the waste-laden materials could be regenerated or safely disposed after incineration at 500 oC for 2 h. As such, further tests on optimization and manufacturing kits or devices for practical EtBr removal in routine lab practice is of engineering priority, should MMTs be further explored as an effective material for EtBr removal. Keywords: Destruction, Ethidium Bromide, Montmorillonite, Removal, Regeneration
rocks, minerals, and soils. They are low in material cost and vast in resource reserves. As such, interactions between earth materials and anthropogenic compounds have attracted great attention since the 1990’s. Commonly used earth materials for the removal of environmental contaminants include, but are not limited to, clay minerals and zeolites, due to their low material cost and high specific surface area (SSA) and cation exchange capacity (CEC). However, most of the research on using Earth materials for contaminant removal is focused on heavy metals, such as Hg(II), Pb(II), and Zn(II) [7], Pb(II), Cu(II), and Cd(II) [8] and color dyes [9]. Tested earth materials for the removal of EtBr are limited. They include kaolinite at a capacity of 0.15 mmol/g [10], modified diatomite at 0.3 mmol/g [11], modified sepiolite at 4.3 mg/g [12], pumice at 77 mg/g [13], and rectorite at 0.4 mmol/g or 160 mg/g [14]. Montmorillonite (MMT) is
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