High CD44s expression is associated with the EMT expression profile and intrahepatic dissemination of hepatocellular car
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
High CD44s expression is associated with the EMT expression profile and intrahepatic dissemination of hepatocellular carcinoma after local ablation therapy Kosuke Mima • Hiromitsu Hayashi • Katsunori Imai • Hideyuki Kuroki • Shigeki Nakagawa • Hirohisa Okabe • Akira Chikamoto • Masayuki Watanabe Toru Beppu • Hideo Baba
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Published online: 14 December 2012 Ó Japanese Society of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery and Springer Japan 2012
Abstract Background/purpose Local ablation therapy (LAT) is a widely used treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) because it is less invasive than hepatic resection. The precise molecular mechanism underlying local HCC recurrence after LAT is largely unknown. The CD44 standard isoform (CD44s) is involved in epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) in HCC. We investigate the significance of CD44s expression and EMT expression profile in local HCC recurrence after LAT. Methods We studied the expression levels of CD44s, EMT expression profile (E-cadherinlow/vimentinhigh expression) and their association with clinicopathological factors in 30 HCC samples from patients with locally recurrent HCCs after LAT following hepatic resection. The alterations of CD44s expression was compared with those in initial HCCs from 150 patients without prior any anticancer treatment including LAT. Results A high CD44s expression was significantly associated with the EMT expression profile (P = 0.002), and it was also detected with a higher frequency in the
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00534-012-0580-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. K. Mima H. Hayashi K. Imai H. Kuroki S. Nakagawa H. Okabe A. Chikamoto M. Watanabe T. Beppu H. Baba (&) Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan e-mail: [email protected]
locally recurrent HCCs after LAT compared to initial HCCs (P \ 0.001). In addition, high CD44s expression was associated with the intrahepatic dissemination of HCC after LAT (P = 0.006). Conclusions These results suggest that high CD44s expression is associated with the aggressive recurrence pattern via EMT after LAT for HCC. Keywords CD44s EMT HCC Intrahepatic dissemination Local ablation therapy
Introduction Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most prevalent and the third most deadly type of cancer, diagnosed in more than half a million people worldwide each year [1]. Surgical resection and liver transplantation can be curative for early-stage HCC, but the resectability is limited in multifocal disease because of the poor liver functional reserve and the invasiveness of these procedures [2]. As an alternative modality in such cases, local ablation therapies (LAT),—which include percutaneous ethanol injection therapy (PEIT), microwave coagulation therapy (MCT), and radiofrequency ablation (RFA)—have often been performed in patients with HCC because of the
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