High Frequency Circuit Simulator: An Advanced Electromagnetic Simulation Tool for Microwave Sources
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High Frequency Circuit Simulator: An Advanced Electromagnetic Simulation Tool for Microwave Sources Xiao Fang Zhu & Zhong Hai Yang & Bin Li & Jian Qing Li & Li Xu
Received: 25 November 2008 / Accepted: 24 April 2009 / Published online: 20 May 2009 # Springer Science + Business Media, LLC 2009
Abstract High Frequency Circuit Simulator (HFCS) is developed as an advanced electromagnetic simulation tool for microwave sources, which is based on Finite Integration Technique (FIT). In this paper, the detail of the design and realization of HFCS is provided and for validation one actual Helical Slow-Wave Structure (HSWS) is fully analyzed. Convergent process is studied and the cold-test characteristics (including dispersion, coupling impedance and attenuation constant) are calculated and compared with those from MAFIA. The consistency of the results of these two simulation tools has proved the reliability and validity of HFCS. Keywords High Frequency Circuit Simulator (HFCS) . Finite Integration Technique (FIT) . Cold test characteristics . Helical Slow-Wave Structure (HSWS) . MAFIA
1 Introduction High Frequency Circuit Simulator (HFCS) [1] is a design tool for high frequency circuits of microwave tubes, which is one module of MTSS [2], a fully featured software package for microwave tube analysis and design. Just like MAFIA [3] and CST Microwave Studio [4], HFCS is a fully three dimensional (3D) electromagnetic (EM) simulation tool based on Finite Integration Technique (FIT) [5, 6], which transforms the Maxwell’s equations in integral form into the equivalent Maxwell Grid Equations (MGEs) using a first order approximation, whereas the components of ~ electric field are located on grid G and those of magnetic field located on dual grid G. To simulate an actual high frequency circuit, boundary conditions have to be considered to confirm the exclusive field solution of the structure [7, 8]. In HFCS, the electric wall, magnetic wall and quasi-periodic boundary conditions [9, 10] are available. For a loss-free medium with no driving current, combine the MGEs and appropriate boundary conditions, X. F. Zhu (*) : Z. H. Yang : B. Li : J. Q. Li : L. Xu Vacuum Electronics National Laboratory, School of Physical Electronics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, NO.4, Section 2, North Jianshe Road, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China 610054 e-mail: [email protected]
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J Infrared Milli Terahz Waves (2009) 30:899–907
an eigenvalue equation will be obtained, whose eigenvalues are the resonant frequencies squared. Solving the eigenvalue equation, the resonant frequency and the discrete electric fields will be obtained. After post-processing, the stored energy, power flow, surface loss and other quantities are easy to get and then the dispersion, coupling impedance, attenuation constant and other characteristics of interest can be achieved. In this paper, the design and realization of HFCS are provided and one typical HSWS is fully analyzed. To guarantee stable and accurate results, convergence process of mode fr
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