High-Intensity Interval Training Interventions in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review
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SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
High-Intensity Interval Training Interventions in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review William T. B. Eddolls1 • Melitta A. McNarry1 Charles O. N. Winn1 • Kelly A. Mackintosh1
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Gareth Stratton1,2
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The Author(s) 2017. This article is an open access publication
Abstract Background Whilst there is increasing interest in the efficacy of high-intensity interval training in children and adolescents as a time-effective method of eliciting health benefits, there remains little consensus within the literature regarding the most effective means for delivering a highintensity interval training intervention. Given the global health issues surrounding childhood obesity and associated health implications, the identification of effective intervention strategies is imperative. Objectives The aim of this review was to examine highintensity interval training as a means of influencing key health parameters and to elucidate the most effective highintensity interval training protocol. Methods Studies were included if they: (1) studied healthy children and/or adolescents (aged 5–18 years); (2) prescribed an intervention that was deemed high intensity; and (3) reported health-related outcome measures. Results A total of 2092 studies were initially retrieved from four databases. Studies that were deemed to meet the criteria were downloaded in their entirety and independently assessed for relevance by two authors using the pre-
& William T. B. Eddolls [email protected] 1
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Applied Sports Science Technology and Medicine Research Centre (A-STEM), College of Engineering, Swansea University, A101 Engineering East, Bay Campus, Fabian Way, Swansea SA1 8EN, UK School of Sport Health and Exercise Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
determined criteria. From this, 13 studies were deemed suitable. This review found that high-intensity interval training in children and adolescents is a time-effective method of improving cardiovascular disease biomarkers, but evidence regarding other health-related measures is more equivocal. Running-based sessions, at an intensity of [90% heart rate maximum/100–130% maximal aerobic velocity, two to three times a week and with a minimum intervention duration of 7 weeks, elicit the greatest improvements in participant health. Conclusion While high-intensity interval training improves cardiovascular disease biomarkers, and the evidence supports the effectiveness of running-based sessions, as outlined above, further recommendations as to optimal exercise duration and rest intervals remain ambiguous owing to the paucity of literature and the methodological limitations of studies presently available.
Key Points High-intensity interval training can improve certain cardiovascular health parameters in children and adolescents. Evidence supporting the overall effectiveness of high-intensity interval training as a means of eliciting improvements to other health outcomes, specifically body composition and blood pressure, remains unclear. While this review ena
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