Physical activity and low back pain in children and adolescents: a systematic review
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REVIEW ARTICLE
Physical activity and low back pain in children and adolescents: a systematic review Agnieszka Kędra1 · Magdalena Plandowska1 · Przemysław Kędra1 · Dariusz Czaprowski2,3 Received: 27 May 2020 / Revised: 10 August 2020 / Accepted: 16 August 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Introduction Due to a high prevalence of low back pain (LBP) among children and adolescents, it is significant to seek effective prevention and therapeutic procedures. One idea for the programmes is a potential relation between the occurrence of LBP and the level of physical activity. The aim of this review was to analyse the current knowledge regarding the association between physical activity and LBP among children and adolescents. Methods Publications were retrieved by searching the following databases: PubMed, The Cochrane library, Web of Science, Medline and SportDiscus with Full Text (EBSCO). The search strategy included keywords related to physical activity and LBP. The studies included were assessed for methodological quality. PRISMA guidelines were followed for the systematic review. Results The total sample size of the nine included studies consisted of 75,233 subjects, with an age range of 9–19 years. All the studies were assessed to be of high quality. One cohort study and five cross-sectional studies found the association between physical activity and LBP in children and adolescents. The remaining studies found no relationship between physical activity and LBP. These findings showed that both extremes of activity levels (i.e. being very low and very high physically active) are associated with LBP. Conclusion There is moderate evidence for the association between physical activity and LBP in children and adolescents. The results highlight the need for continued research. It seems that for clear evaluation of the analysed association the prospective cohort studies should be conducted. Keywords Low back pain · Physical activity · Children · Adolescents · Review · Cohort study · Cross-sectional study
Introduction Epidemiological data have shown that low back pain (LBP) is not only a health problem for adults but is also frequently reported by schoolchildren [1–12]. The prevalence of LBP in children and adolescents increases with subjects’ age [13–15], and females demonstrate its higher occurrence [2, 7, 16, 17]. A recent study found that the self-reported * Magdalena Plandowska magdalena.plandowska@awf‑bp.edu.pl 1
Faculty of Physical Education and Health, Jozef Pilsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Biala Podlaska, Poland
2
Physiotherapy Unit, Department of Health Sciences, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
3
Department of Health Sciences, Olsztyn University, Olsztyn, Poland
prevalence of LBP was 31%, 51.9% and 71.2% among children aged 10–13, 14–16 and 17–19 years, respectively [11]. Back pain during this period of life may have health implications in adulthood [18, 19]. The high prevalence and care seeking translate into a substantial financial burden for
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