High Level Synthesis for Symmetric Key Cryptography
Classification of the major cryptographic functions on the basis of their under-lying basic computational elements yields simplicity and scalability in the design of cryptographic embedded systems. Especially, it benefits their high level synthesis, with
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High Level Synthesis for Symmetric Key Cryptography
Classification of the major cryptographic functions on the basis of their under-lying basic computational elements yields simplicity and scalability in the design of cryptographic embedded systems. Especially, it benefits their high level synthesis, with performance as good as the hand crafted designs. This chapter discusses the various steps in the HLS tool for block ciphers (called RunFein) and stream ciphers (called RunStream). Several design points in the scope of architectural customizations available to the HLS tool are elaborated. A thorough benchmarking to compare against the hand crafted solutions reveals their performance to be at-par with hand-optimized HDL implementations. The results can be accessed as [1–3]. Compared to a general-purpose high level synthesis tool, an application or domain specific HLS tool has a smaller problem set to deal with and consequently can generate HDL designs with superior area-throughput efficiency, by exploiting the following properties. 1. The high level abstraction of the design comprises of limited constructs/ operations/structures specific to the particular application in hand, making the learning curve gentle. Application experts choose a subset of design abstraction constructs, flexible enough for the algorithm descriptions belonging to that class, thereby exploiting and integrating the domain specific expertise at a high level. 2. Exploiting the domain expertise in hardware architecture, the interfaces, internal structures, operational phases, dependencies are better understood. Consequently, the set of possible target microarchitectures is reduced, allowing a more efficient implementation. 3. The HLS tool may allow more control over design optimizations for QoR improvement by enabling configuration and selection of specific architectural design optimization instead of generic optimization goals. Consequently, reaching the appropriate design requires fewer iterations. 4. Generation of hardware description by an application specific tool, directed at every design level by domain-specific optimization can compete with handwritten implementations. © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd 2019 A. Khalid et al., Domain Specific High-Level Synthesis for Cryptographic Workloads, Computer Architecture and Design Methodologies, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-1070-5_4
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4 High Level Synthesis for Symmetric Key Cryptography
4.1 CRYKET (CRYptographic Kernels Toolkit) CRYKET is a high level synthesis framework, specific to the symmetric key cryptography kernels, including block and stream ciphers. Since these categories of ciphers have different constituent elements as their building blocks and different operational phases, they are dealt separately with two different tools, namely, RunStream (for stream ciphers) and RunFein (for block ciphers). These tools can aid any cryptographer by relieving him/her from low level implementation details of the algorithms and by providing a powerful and flexible API to rapidly incor
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