High morbidity cutaneous enzootic myiasis by Dermatobia hominis (Diptera: Oestridae) in sambar deer ( Rusa unicolor )
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TREATMENT AND PROPHYLAXIS - ORIGINAL PAPER
High morbidity cutaneous enzootic myiasis by Dermatobia hominis (Diptera: Oestridae) in sambar deer (Rusa unicolor) Asheley H. B. Pereira 1 & Danielly L. Carrão 1 & Daniel A. Balthazar 2 & Bruno S. Rocha 3 & Jeann L. de Araújo 4 & Saulo A. Caldas 2 & Daniel G. Ubiali 1 Received: 18 August 2020 / Accepted: 17 September 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract This study describes the first known occurrence and treatment of enzootic cutaneous myiasis by Dermatobia hominis in a herd of sambar deer (Rusa unicolor). Sambar deer are clinically affected by enzootic cutaneous myiasis during the spring and summer in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Through direct inspection and clinicopathological evaluation in the herd with 80 R. unicolor, it was observed that infestation by D. hominis caused 100% morbidity. At histological exam, skin had eosinophilic and granulomatous chronic active severe necrohemorrhagic dermatitis associated with botfly and moderate surrounding fibroplasia. The systemic treatment with oral ivermectin at 0.08% was effective in 93.7% of deer with enzootic cutaneous myiasis after fourteen days. After treatment, the skin deer had eosinophilic and granulomatous chronic severe dermatitis associated with degenerated botfly and severe fibroplasia. Notable differences in leukocyte profile were observed between groups pre- and post-treatment. Decrease of relative values of neutrophils and eosinophils were significant in the treated deer group. An increase of relative values of monocytes was also confirmed in the treated group. Sambar deer was the only species affected by D. hominis, even though several other wild herbivores were kept in the same area. More studies are needed to elucidate the susceptibility of R. unicolor to D. hominis cutaneous infestations. Keywords Wildlife medicine . Oestridae . Enzootic cutaneous myiasis . Oral ivermectin . Dermatobia hominis
Introduction Myiasis is defined as any infestation of live tissue of vertebrate animals by Diptera larvae (Muñoz et al. 2020). This disease is cosmopolitan, and reports of myiasis caused by different Diptera have been frequently described in Brazil in several domestic and wild species (Silva et al. 1999; Barbosa and Handling Editor: Una Ryan * Daniel G. Ubiali [email protected] 1
Pathological Anatomy Sector (SAP), Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Veterinary Institute, Federal University Rural of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Highway BR-465 Km 7, Ecologia, Seropédica, RJ 23890-000, Brazil
2
Departament of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery Veterinary Institute, UFRRJ, Seropédica, Brazil
3
Portobello Resort, Mangaratiba, RJ, Brazil
4
Veterinary Pathology Laboratory, Federal University of Paraíba, 12, Rod. PB-079, Areia, PB 58397-000, Brazil
Vasconcelos 2015; Borowsky et al. 2019; Lemos et al. 2019). The myiasis caused by Dermatobia hominis (Diptera: Oestridae. Linnaeus, 1718) larvae occurs mainly in bovine and canine hosts (Roncalli 1984), but the disease can affect
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