High Performance CO Gas Sensor Based on ZnO Nanoparticles
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High Performance CO Gas Sensor Based on ZnO Nanoparticles M. Hjiri1,2 · F. Bahanan1 · M. S. Aida1,3 · L. El Mir2 · G. Neri4 Received: 21 March 2020 / Accepted: 17 April 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Carbon monoxide sensor was fabricated using ZnO nanoparticles, synthesized by sol–gel technique, as sensing layer. The morphology and structure of the prepared nanopowder were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning and transmission electron microscopies (SEM and TEM). Photoluminescence (PL) measurements were carried to investigate the defects in ZnO. The sensing tests were performed by a homemade setup. XRD pattern indicate that the prepared ZnO nanopowder has a crystallite size average around 50 nm. TEM and SEM images reveal that the ZnO nanopowder is formed of agglomeration of spherical particles with a size of 50 nm which is in good agreement with XRD analysis. The prepared gas sensor exhibits a response of 74% towards 80 ppm of CO gas with a response/recovery times of 21 and 70 s, respectively at 250 °C and high stability with time. The good sensing properties of ZnO nanoparticles towards CO gas indicate their potential application for the fabrication of low power and highly selective sensors. Keywords Zinc oxide · Nanoparticles · Selectivity · Sensor · CO
1 Introduction In the last years, gas sensors based on various semiconducting metal oxides, such as tin oxide [1], iron oxide [2], copper oxide [3], titanium oxide [4], gallium oxide [5] and zinc oxide [6], have attracted the attention of several researchers. These metal oxide sensors exhibited strong response and fast response/recovery times, in addition of good selectivity, stability, compatibility with microelectronic devices [7]. Among them, ZnO has been shown to be useful materials for monitoring various pollutant gases like CO, benzene, ammonia, CO2, NOx. Zinc oxide is an n-type semiconductor with a direct wide band gap (3.3 eV) [8–10]. This material found broad ranging applications in varistors [11], surface * M. Hjiri [email protected] 1
Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
2
Laboratory of Physics of Materials and Nanomaterials Applied at Environment, Faculty of Sciences of Gabes, 6072 Gabes, Tunisia
3
Center of Nanotechnology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
4
Department of Engineering, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
acoustic wave (SAW) devices [12], transparent conducting oxide electrodes [13], solar cells [14], blue/UV light emitting devices [15], gas sensors [16, 17], etc.… Its conductivity can be tailored by controlling the deviation from stoichiometry and by doping [18]. Zinc oxide is an important candidate used as sensing layer towards hazardous gases [19–21]. In general, ZnO gas sensors possess several advantages such as low cost, easy manufacturing, and small size, in comparison with the traditional analytical instruments. This oxide that can be prepared with different morpholo
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