High-Precision Differential-Input Buffered and External Transconductance Amplifier for Low-Voltage Low-Power Application
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High-Precision Differential-Input Buffered and External Transconductance Amplifier for Low-Voltage Low-Power Applications Fabian Khateb · Firat Kaçar · Nabhan Khatib · David Kubánek
Received: 23 March 2012 / Revised: 30 July 2012 / Published online: 21 August 2012 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2012
Abstract Recently, the demand for low-voltage low-power integrated circuits design has grown dramatically. For battery-operated devices both the supply voltage and the power consumption have to be lowered in order to prolong the battery life. This paper presents an attractive approach to designing a low-voltage low-power high-precision differential-input buffered and external transconductance amplifier, DBeTA, based on the bulk-driven technique. The proposed DBeTA possesses rail-to-rail voltage swing capability at a low supply voltage of ±400 mV and consumes merely 62 µW. The proposed circuit is a universal active element that offers more freedom during the design of current-, voltage-, or mixed-mode applications. The proposed circuit is particularly interesting for biomedical applications requiring low-voltage low-power operation capability where the processing signal frequency is limited to a few kilohertz. An oscillator circuit employing a minimum number of active and passive components has been described in this paper as one of many possible applications. The circuit contains only a single active element DBeTA, two capacitors, and one resistor, which is very attractive for integrated circuit implementation. PSpice simulation results using the 0.18 µm CMOS technology from TSMC are included to prove the unique results. F. Khateb () · N. Khatib Department of Microelectronics, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 10, Brno, Czech Republic e-mail: [email protected] N. Khatib e-mail: [email protected] F. Kaçar Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey e-mail: [email protected] D. Kubánek Department of Telecommunications, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 118, Brno, Czech Republic e-mail: [email protected]
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Circuits Syst Signal Process (2013) 32:453–476
Keywords Bulk-driven MOST · Current-, voltage-, and mixed-mode applications · Low-voltage low-power analog circuit design · Universal active element · Oscillator 1 Introduction Low-voltage (LV) and low-power (LP) operation capability has become essential in integrated circuit design in order to ensure reliable functioning of devices, to prevent overheating caused by increasing density of components per unit area, and, in the case of battery-powered equipment, to prolong the battery life. In order to reduce power dissipation, the supply voltage has to be scaled down, although reduced supply voltages do not necessarily lead to lower power dissipation in analog circuit concepts. In order to achieve excellent performance of analog circuits, the input and output voltage swing capability should be extended, preferably to obtain rail-to-rail input and output operation capability. To a
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