High Resolution Numerical Modelling of the Atmosphere and Ocean
All numerical simulations of atmospheric and oceanic phenomena are limited by the finite spatial resolution, generally requiring a parameterization of effects of motions on unresolved scales on those explicitly resolved. A goal of numerical modelers has b
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Kevin Hamilton Wataru Ohfuchi ●
Editors
High Resolution Numerical Modelling of the Atmosphere and Ocean
Kevin Hamilton International Pacific Research Center University of Hawaii at Manoa Honolulu, Hawaii 96822 USA
Wataru Ohfuchi Earth Simulator Center Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology Yokohama, Japan
Library of Congress Control Number: 2007930354
ISBN-13: 978-0-387-36671-5
e-ISBN-13: 978-0-387-49791-4
© 2008 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC., 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. Printed on acid-free paper. 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 springer.com
Contents
1 Numerical Resolution and Modeling of the Global Atmospheric Circulation: A Review of Our Current Understanding and Outstanding Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kevin Hamilton 1.1 Introduction – Global Atmospheric Simulations . . . . . . . . 1.2 Effect of Horizontal Resolution on Simulations of Tropospheric Circulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3 Effects of Vertical Resolution on Simulations of Tropospheric Circulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4 Explicit Simulation of Mesoscale Phenomena . . . . . . . . . 1.5 Changing Subgrid-Scale Parameterizations with Model Resolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.6 Middle Atmosphere . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.7 Coupled Global Ocean–Atmosphere Model Simulations and Climate Sensitivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.8 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
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The Rationale for Why Climate Models Should Adequately Resolve the Mesoscale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Isidoro Orlanski 2.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 The Role of the High Frequency Wave Activity in Climate Variability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 The Performance of the Eddy Activity in Three Climate Models 2.4 The Cyclone-Frontal System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5 Summary and Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Project TERRA: A Glimpse into the Future of Weather and Climate Modeling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Isidoro Orlanski and Christo
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