Higher galectin-3 levels are independently associated with lower anxiety in patients with risk factors for heart failure
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(2020) 14:24
RESEARCH
Open Access
Higher galectin-3 levels are independently associated with lower anxiety in patients with risk factors for heart failure Monika Sadlonova1,2,3*, Thomas Meyer1,3, Lutz Binder3,4, Rolf Wachter3,5,6, Frank Edelmann5,7,8,9 and Christoph Herrmann-Lingen1,3
Abstract Background: Galectin-3 promotes the proliferation of neural progenitor cells and is engaged in cell-cell adhesion, cell-matrix interactions, and macrophage activation. In addition, in patients with heart failure this carbohydratebinding protein is a known prognostic marker for cardiovascular mortality. However, its association with psychological variables has not been investigated so far. Methods: Using data from the multicenter, observational Diast-CHF (Diagnostic Trial on Prevalence and Clinical Course of Diastolic Dysfunction and Heart Failure) trial, we studied in participants with cardiovascular risk factors (n = 1260, age 66.7 ± 8.0 years, males 51%, left ventricular ejection fraction 60.0 ± 8.1%) the relationship between serum concentrations of galectin-3 and anxiety. Galectin-3 levels were measured by means of a sandwich enzymelinked immunosorbent assay, and anxiety was assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Results: In univariate analysis, there was a weak but significant inverse correlation between galectin-3 and HADS anxiety (rho = − 0.076; p = 0.008). Linear regression models adjusted for sex, age, body-mass index, estimated glomerular filtration rate, left ventricular ejection fraction, 6-min walking distance, the 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) subscale physical functioning, and known biomarkers for heart failure confirmed that serum galectin3 significantly and independently predicted self-rated anxiety (B = -2.413; 95%CI = -2.413–-4.422; p = 0.019). Conclusion: In patients with cardiovascular risk factors, serum concentrations of galectin-3 showed an inverse association with anxiety, which was independent of both the severity of physical impairment and established risk factors for the progression of heart failure. Keywords: Galectin-3, Anxiety, Cardiovascular risk factors
* Correspondence: [email protected] 1 Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Göttingen Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany 2 Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Göttingen Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany Full list of author information is available at the end of the article © The Author(s). 2020 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If m
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